PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ten Million Year Bins	North American Land Mammal Ages	Cambrian of Australia	Cambrian of Siberia			Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Mesozoic Subages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Cenozoic 6	Saintaugustinean								0
		Meghalayan					Santarosean								0.0004
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										Nihewanian			0.0117
		Late Pleistocene					Rancholabrean								0.014
		Chibanian					Rancholabrean								0.129
		Chibanian					Irvingtonian								0.21
		Calabrian					Irvingtonian								0.774
		Calabrian					Blancan								1.4
		Gelasian													1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †									Yushean			2.58
		Zanclean													3.6
							Hemphillian								4.7
												Baodean			4.9
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
							Clarendonian								9.4
												Tunggurian			11.1
		Serravallian				Cenozoic 5									11.63
		Serravallian					Barstovian								12.5
		Langhian										Shanwangian			13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
							Hemingfordian								16.3
							Hemingfordian					Xiejiaan			16.9
							Arikareean								18.5
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Cenozoic 4									23.03
		Rupelian													27.82
							Whitneyan								29.5
							Orellan								31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian				Cenozoic 3	Chadronian								33.9
		Priabonian					Duchesnean								37
		Bartonian					Duchesnean								37.71
		Bartonian					Uintan								39.7
		Lutetian				Cenozoic 2	Uintan								41.2
		Lutetian					Bridgerian								46.2
		Ypresian					Bridgerian								47.8
							Wasatchian								50.5
							Clarkforkian								54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Cenozoic 1	Clarkforkian								56
		Thanetian					Tiffanian								56.2
		Selandian					Tiffanian								59.2
		Selandian					Torrejonian								60.9
		Danian					Torrejonian								61.6
		Danian					Puercan								63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Cretaceous 8							Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		66
		Campanian				Cretaceous 7							Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		72.1
		Santonian				Cretaceous 6							Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		83.6
		Coniacian											Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian		86.3
		Turonian											Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian		89.8
		Cenomanian				Cretaceous 5							Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Cretaceous 4							Late Albian		100.5
													Middle Albian		106.2 *
													Early Albian		109.9 *
		Aptian				Cretaceous 3							Late Aptian		113
		Aptian				Cretaceous 3							Early Aptian		119.5 *
		Barremian				Cretaceous 2							Late Barremian/Early Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian				Cretaceous 2							Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian				Cretaceous 1							Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian											Late Berriasian		139.8
													Middle Berriasian		140.6 *
													Early Berriasian		142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Jurassic 6							Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	145
		Tithonian		Early Tithonian	146.3 *	Jurassic 6								Middle Tithonian
		Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5	Late Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Kimmeridgian			Early Kimmeridgian			152.2 *
		Oxfordian			Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		154.8
		Oxfordian				Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian		Jurassic 4	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			Late Bajocian			168.2
		Bajocian			Early Bajocian			168.6 *
		Aalenian		Jurassic 3	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Late Toarcian			174.7
					Middle Toarcian			180.4 *
					Early Toarcian			182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian		Jurassic 1	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian		Jurassic 1	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4				201.4
		Norian			Sevatian			208.5
					Alaunian			213.2 *
					Lacian			216.7 *
		Carnian		Triassic 3	Tuvalian			227
		Carnian		Triassic 3	Julian			233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2	Longobardian			237
		Ladinian			Fassanian			239.7 *
		Anisian			Illyrian			242
					Pelsonian			243.8 *
					Bithynian			244.7 *
					Aegean			245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1	Spathian			247.2
		Olenekian			Smithian			248.9 *
		Induan			Dienerian			251.2
		Induan			Griesbachian			251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							259.51
		Wordian							264.28
		Roadian		Permian 3					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2					273.01
		Artinskian							283.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian		Permian 1					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5					298.9
		Kasimovian		Carboniferous 5					303.7
		Moscovian		Carboniferous 4					307
		Bashkirian		Carboniferous 4					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3					323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2	419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5	445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2	470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Mansian †		483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5	Datsonian		Batyrbaian	Tavgian †		Ketyan †/Yurakian	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Stage 10		Payntonian						Niuchehean		486.8 *
		Jiangshanian		Iverian						Jiangshanian		489.5
						Aksaian						490.7 *
						Sakian						492.2 *
		Paibian		Idamean						Paibian		494
									Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian			494.7 *
									Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †	Cambrian 4		Mindyallan	Ayusokkanian				Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
						Boomerangian	Ayusokkanian						499
						Boomerangian	Mayan/Menevian						499.5
		Drumian				Undillan					Drumian		500.5
		Drumian				Floran					Drumian		503
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †		Cambrian 3	Templetonian	Amgan/Solvan			Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †			Ordian				Wuliuan/Taijangian		507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4									Duyunian		509
								Toyonian	Lenian †				510 *
								Toyonian					510.8 *
								Botomian					512.5 *
		Stage 3				Cambrian 2		Botomian			Nangaoian		514
		Stage 3						Atdabanian			Nangaoian		515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Tommotian			Meishucunian		521
		Stage 2						Nemakit-Daldynian					525.5
		Fortunian				Cambrian 1			Manykaian †				529
		Fortunian				Cambrian 1			Manykaian †		Jinnigian		530.7
															538.8