PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ten Million Year Bins	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Carboniferous Subepochs	South American Land Mammal Ages		Central Paratethys Stages	Ordovician of the Baltic				Devonian Subages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Cenozoic 6												0
		Northgrippian																0.0042
		Greenlandian																0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Lujanian								0.0117
		Chibanian								Lujanian								0.129
		Chibanian								Ensenadan								0.3 *
		Calabrian								Ensenadan								0.774
		Calabrian								Sanandresian	Uquian †							1.7 *
		Gelasian								Sanandresian								1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †							Vorohuean								2.58
		Piacenzian								Chapadmalalan								2.9 *
		Zanclean								Chapadmalalan								3.6
										Montehermosan								3.7 *
										Huayquerian								4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian																5.333
		Tortonian										Pannonian						7.246
										Chasicoan								7.9 *
										Mayoan								9.9 *
										Laventan								10.9 *
		Serravallian				Cenozoic 5						Sarmatian						11.63
												Badenian						12.8 *
										Colloncuran		Badenian						13.7 *
		Langhian								Colloncuran								13.82
		Langhian								Friasian								15.4 *
		Burdigalian								Friasian								15.98
										Santacrucian								16.2 *
										Colhuehuapian								17.4 *
		Aquitanian								Colhuehuapian								20.44
		Aquitanian								Deseadan								20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Cenozoic 4	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian										23.03
		Rupelian					Kekeamuan											27.82
		Rupelian					Kekeamuan			Tinguirirican								28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian				Cenozoic 3	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian			Tinguirirican								33.9
		Priabonian					Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian			Divisaderan								35.9 *
		Bartonian					Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan											37.71
		Lutetian				Cenozoic 2												41.2
		Lutetian								Mustersan								41.9 *
		Ypresian						Bumbanian		Mustersan								47.8
		Ypresian						Bumbanian		Casamayoran								47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Cenozoic 1	Gashatan			Riochican								56
										Itaboraian								56.9 *
										Peligran								58.9 *
		Selandian																59.2
		Danian																61.6
		Danian								Tiupampan								62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Cretaceous 8												66
		Campanian				Cretaceous 7												72.1
		Santonian				Cretaceous 6												83.6
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
		Cenomanian				Cretaceous 5												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Cretaceous 4												100.5
		Aptian				Cretaceous 3												113
		Barremian				Cretaceous 2												121.4
		Hauterivian				Cretaceous 2												125.77
		Valanginian				Cretaceous 1												132.6
		Berriasian				Cretaceous 1												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Jurassic 6												145
		Kimmeridgian				Jurassic 5												149.2
		Oxfordian																154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
		Bathonian				Jurassic 4												165.3
		Bajocian				Jurassic 4												168.2
		Aalenian				Jurassic 3												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7		Jurassic 3
		Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2	184.2
		Sinemurian		Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian		Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian		Triassic 4	208.5
		Carnian		Triassic 3	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		Triassic 2	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		Triassic 1	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Roadian		Permian 3		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2		273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian		Permian 1		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5		Late Pennsylvanian			298.9
		Kasimovian		Carboniferous 5		Late Pennsylvanian			303.7
		Moscovian		Carboniferous 4		Middle Pennsylvanian			307
		Bashkirian		Carboniferous 4		Early Pennsylvanian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3		Late Mississippian			323.2
		Visean		Carboniferous 2		Middle Mississippian			330.9
		Tournaisian		Carboniferous 1		Early Mississippian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Devonian 5					Late Famennian		358.9
									Middle Famennian		365.3 *
									Early Famennian		368.5 *
		Frasnian		Devonian 4					Late Frasnian		372.2
									Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
									Early Frasnian		379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Devonian 3					Late Givetian		382.7
									Middle Givetian		383.7 *
									Early Givetian		385.9 *
		Eifelian							Late Eifelian		387.7
		Eifelian							Early Eifelian		390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Devonian 2					Late Emsian		393.3
		Emsian		Devonian 2				Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian		Devonian 1				Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian						Late Lochkovian	410.8
							Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
							Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli			Silurian 2				Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli		Kaugetuma					421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare					423
		Ludfordian	Paadla					423.4 *
		Gorstian	Paadla					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula					427.4
		Homerian	Jaagarahu					429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu					430.5
		Sheinwoodian	Jaani					431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani	Silurian 1				433.4
		Telychian	Adavere					434 *
		Aeronian	Adavere					438.5
		Aeronian	Raikkula					439.4 *
		Rhuddanian	Raikkula					440.8
		Rhuddanian	Juuru					441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5	Harju				Porkuni		Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian						Pirgu			Gamachian	445.2
								Pirgu			Richmondian	446 *
								Vormsi			Richmondian	449.6 *
								Vormsi			Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
								Nabala			Maysvillian		Johvi †	450 *
								Nabala			Edenian			450.4 *
				Viru				Rakvere			Edenian			450.6 *
								Rakvere		Mohawkian	Chatfieldian			451.1 *
								Oandu						452 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4					Keila					Idavere †	453
								Keila			Turinian			453.7 *
								Haljala						453.9
								Kukruse						456.4 *
								Kukruse		Whiterockian		Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
								Uhaku					Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3					Uhaku							458.4
								Lasnamagi							458.9 *
					Aseri			460.4 *
				Oeland	Kunda			462.9 *
					Kunda			Valaste †/Hunderum					464.3 *
					Volkhov								Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka		467.1 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2												467.3
											Rangerian				469.1 *
					Billingen						Rangerian				469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian								Ibexian	Blackhillsian			Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
								Latorp †								470.1 *
					Hunneberg											473.7 *
											Tulean					473.9 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1								Tulean					477.7
											Stairsian					480.3 *
					Varangu						Stairsian					481.3 *
					Varangu	Skullrockian					Demingian †				482 *
					Pakerort						Demingian †				482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5		Pakerort										485.4
															486.3 *
															486.5
															487.5
		Jiangshanian													489.5
		Paibian													494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †												Cambrian 4	497
		Drumian													Cambrian 4	500.5
		Wuliuan													Stage 5 †	Cambrian 3	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4														Cambrian 3	509
	Series 2	Stage 3														Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2														Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian														Cambrian 1	529
																		538.8