PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ten Million Year Bins	Central Paratethys Stages	Permian of the Pamirs	North American Land Mammal Ages	Cambrian of Australia	Cambrian of Siberia			Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Mesozoic Subages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Cenozoic 6			Saintaugustinean							0
		Meghalayan							Santarosean							0.0004
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												Nihewanian		0.0117
		Late Pleistocene							Rancholabrean							0.014
		Chibanian							Rancholabrean							0.129
		Chibanian							Irvingtonian							0.21
		Calabrian							Irvingtonian							0.774
		Calabrian							Blancan							1.4
		Gelasian														1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †											Yushean		2.58
		Zanclean														3.6
									Hemphillian							4.7
														Baodean		4.9
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian					Pannonian									7.246
									Clarendonian							9.4
														Tunggurian		11.1
		Serravallian				Cenozoic 5	Sarmatian									11.63
							Sarmatian		Barstovian							12.5
							Badenian									12.8 *
		Langhian												Shanwangian		13.82
		Burdigalian														15.98
									Hemingfordian							16.3
									Hemingfordian					Xiejiaan		16.9
									Arikareean							18.5
		Aquitanian														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Cenozoic 4										23.03
		Rupelian														27.82
									Whitneyan							29.5
									Orellan							31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian				Cenozoic 3			Chadronian							33.9
		Priabonian							Duchesnean							37
		Bartonian							Duchesnean							37.71
		Bartonian							Uintan							39.7
		Lutetian				Cenozoic 2			Uintan							41.2
		Lutetian							Bridgerian							46.2
		Ypresian							Bridgerian							47.8
									Wasatchian							50.5
									Clarkforkian							54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Cenozoic 1			Clarkforkian							56
		Thanetian							Tiffanian							56.2
		Selandian							Tiffanian							59.2
		Selandian							Torrejonian							60.9
		Danian							Torrejonian							61.6
		Danian							Puercan							63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Cretaceous 8									Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian	66
		Campanian				Cretaceous 7									Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian	72.1
		Santonian				Cretaceous 6									Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian	83.6
		Coniacian													Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian	86.3
		Turonian													Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian	89.8
		Cenomanian				Cretaceous 5									Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian	93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Cretaceous 4									Late Albian	100.5
															Middle Albian	106.2 *
															Early Albian	109.9 *
		Aptian				Cretaceous 3									Late Aptian	113
		Aptian				Cretaceous 3									Early Aptian	119.5 *
		Barremian				Cretaceous 2									Late Barremian/Early Barremian	121.4
		Hauterivian				Cretaceous 2									Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian	125.77
		Valanginian				Cretaceous 1									Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian	132.6
		Berriasian													Late Berriasian	139.8
															Middle Berriasian	140.6 *
															Early Berriasian	142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Jurassic 6	Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		145
		Tithonian		Jurassic 6	Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5	Late Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Kimmeridgian			Early Kimmeridgian			152.2 *
		Oxfordian			Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		154.8
		Oxfordian				Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian		Jurassic 4	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			Late Bajocian			168.2
		Bajocian			Early Bajocian			168.6 *
		Aalenian		Jurassic 3	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Late Toarcian			174.7
					Middle Toarcian			180.4 *
					Early Toarcian			182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian		Jurassic 1	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian		Jurassic 1	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4				201.4
		Norian			Sevatian			208.5
					Alaunian			213.2 *
					Lacian			216.7 *
		Carnian		Triassic 3	Tuvalian			227
		Carnian		Triassic 3	Julian		233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2	Longobardian		237
		Ladinian			Fassanian		239.7 *
		Anisian			Illyrian		242
					Pelsonian		243.8 *
					Bithynian		244.7 *
					Aegean		245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1	Spathian		247.2
		Olenekian			Smithian		248.9 *
		Induan			Dienerian		251.2
		Induan			Griesbachian		251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4	Dorashamian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †			Dzhulfian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Midian		259.51
		Wordian						Midian		264.28
		Wordian						Murgabian		266.2 *
		Roadian		Permian 3				Murgabian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2				Kubergandian		273.01
		Kungurian						Bolorian		279.8
		Artinskian						Bolorian		283.5
		Artinskian						Yakhtashian		286
		Sakmarian						Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		Permian 1				Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5						298.9
		Kasimovian		Carboniferous 5						303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4	307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2	419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5	445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2	470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Mansian †		483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5	Datsonian		Batyrbaian			Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Stage 10		Payntonian							Niuchehean		486.8 *
		Jiangshanian		Iverian							Jiangshanian		489.5
						Aksaian							490.7 *
						Sakian							492.2 *
		Paibian		Idamean							Paibian		494
										Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian			494.7 *
										Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †	Cambrian 4		Mindyallan			Ayusokkanian			Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
						Boomerangian			Ayusokkanian					499
						Boomerangian			Mayan/Menevian					499.5
		Drumian				Undillan						Drumian		500.5
		Drumian				Floran						Drumian		503
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †	Cambrian 3	Templetonian			Amgan/Solvan			Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †		Ordian						Wuliuan/Taijangian		507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4										Duyunian		509
									Toyonian	Lenian †				510 *
									Toyonian					510.8 *
									Botomian					512.5 *
		Stage 3			Cambrian 2				Botomian			Nangaoian		514
		Stage 3							Atdabanian			Nangaoian		515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Tommotian			Meishucunian		521
		Stage 2					Nemakit-Daldynian		525.5
		Fortunian			Cambrian 1				Manykaian †	529
		Fortunian			Cambrian 1				Manykaian †	Jinnigian		530.7
																538.8