PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ten Million Year Bins	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Permian of the Pamirs	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Mesozoic Subages		Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Silurian of the Baltic	Ordovician of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Cenozoic 6													0
		Northgrippian																	0.0042
		Greenlandian																	0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																	0.0117
		Chibanian																	0.129
		Calabrian																	0.774
		Gelasian																	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †																2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																	3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
		Tortonian																	7.246
		Serravallian				Cenozoic 5													11.63
		Langhian																	13.82
		Burdigalian																	15.98
		Aquitanian																	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Cenozoic 4													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian				Cenozoic 4													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				Cenozoic 3													33.9
		Bartonian				Cenozoic 3													37.71
		Lutetian				Cenozoic 2													41.2
		Ypresian				Cenozoic 2													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Cenozoic 1													56
		Selandian																	59.2
		Danian																	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Cretaceous 8							Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		Lancian/Edmontonian				66
		Campanian				Cretaceous 7							Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		Judithian/Aquilan				72.1
		Santonian				Cretaceous 6							Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian						83.6
		Coniacian											Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian											Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian						89.8
		Cenomanian				Cretaceous 5							Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian						93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Cretaceous 4							Late Albian						100.5
													Middle Albian						106.2 *
													Early Albian						109.9 *
		Aptian				Cretaceous 3							Late Aptian						113
		Aptian				Cretaceous 3							Early Aptian						119.5 *
		Barremian				Cretaceous 2							Late Barremian/Early Barremian						121.4
		Hauterivian				Cretaceous 2							Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian						125.77
		Valanginian				Cretaceous 1							Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian						132.6
		Berriasian											Late Berriasian						139.8
													Middle Berriasian						140.6 *
													Early Berriasian						142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Jurassic 6	Oteke	Puaroan					Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian					145
		Tithonian				Jurassic 6							Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian					146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian				Jurassic 5							Late Kimmeridgian						149.2
							Kawhia	Ohauan					Late Kimmeridgian						150
								Ohauan					Early Kimmeridgian						152.2 *
								Heterian					Early Kimmeridgian						154.5
		Oxfordian											Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian					154.8
		Oxfordian												Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian					157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian						161.5
		Callovian						Temaikan					Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian						164.3
		Bathonian				Jurassic 4							Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian						165.3
		Bajocian									Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites		Late Bajocian						168.2
												Humphresianum	Late Bajocian						168.4
												Humphresianum	Early Bajocian						168.6 *
		Aalenian				Jurassic 3					Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense	Late Toarcian						174.7
							Herangi	Ururoan				Thouarsense							176
																			180.1
													Middle Toarcian						180.4 *
											Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		Middle Toarcian						182
											Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		Early Toarcian						182.9 *
		Pliensbachian				Jurassic 2					Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian						184.2
		Pliensbachian				Jurassic 2		Aratauran			Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian						188.9
		Sinemurian		Jurassic 1	Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian		Jurassic 1	Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4	Balfour	Otapirian			201.4
		Norian				Warepan		Sevatian	208.5
								Alaunian	213.2 *
								Lacian	216.7 *
						Otamitan			217
						Oretian			221
		Carnian		Triassic 3		Oretian		Tuvalian	227
					Gore	Kaihikuan		Tuvalian	227.5
								Julian	233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2				Longobardian	237
						Etalian		Longobardian	238
								Fassanian	239.7 *
		Anisian						Illyrian	242
								Pelsonian	243.8 *
								Bithynian	244.7 *
								Aegean	245.5 *
						Malakovian		Aegean	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1				Spathian	247.2
								Smithian	248.9 *
						Nelsonian		Smithian	249
		Induan						Dienerian	251.2
								Griesbachian	251.4 *
			DUrville		Makarewan	251.5		Griesbachian
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4	Makarewan	Dorashamian			251.902
		Changhsingian			Waiitian	Dorashamian			253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian	Longtanian †			Dzhulfian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan	Longtanian †			Dzhulfian	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Aparima	Flettian			Midian	259.51
		Wordian				Flettian				264.28
						Barettian				266
									Murgabian	266.2 *
		Roadian		Permian 3					Murgabian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2					Kubergandian	273.01
						Mangapirian			Kubergandian	276
									Bolorian	279.8
		Artinskian								283.5
						Telfordian				285
						Telfordian			Yakhtashian	286
									Yakhtashian	288.5
		Sakmarian							Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian		Permian 1					Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5						298.9
		Kasimovian		Carboniferous 5						303.7
		Moscovian		Carboniferous 4						307
		Bashkirian		Carboniferous 4						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3						323.2
		Visean		Carboniferous 2						330.9
		Tournaisian		Carboniferous 1						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Devonian 5						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Devonian 4						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Devonian 3						Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Devonian 3						Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Devonian 2						Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian		Devonian 1						Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian		Devonian 1						Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			Silurian 2							Ohesaare		419.2
	Pridoli										Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian									Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian									Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian									Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian									Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian									Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian		Silurian 1			433.4				Jaani
		Telychian					Adavere				434 *
		Aeronian					Adavere				438.5
		Aeronian					Raikkula				439.4 *
		Rhuddanian					Raikkula				440.8
		Rhuddanian					Juuru				441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ordovician 5							Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian										Gamachian		Pirgu	445.2
												Richmondian		Pirgu	446 *
												Richmondian		Vormsi	449.6 *
												Maysvillian		Vormsi	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
												Maysvillian		Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
												Edenian		Nabala			450.4 *
												Edenian	Viru	Rakvere			450.6 *
											Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		Rakvere			451.1 *
														Oandu			452 *
		Sandbian		Ordovician 4										Keila		Idavere †	453
												Turinian		Keila			453.7 *
														Haljala			453.9
														Kukruse			456.4 *
											Whiterockian			Kukruse	Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
														Uhaku		Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Ordovician 3										Uhaku				458.4
								Lasnamagi						458.9 *
								Aseri						460.4 *
								Oeland					Kunda	462.9 *
													Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
			Volkhov										Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka			467.1 *
		Dapingian		Ordovician 2												467.3
												Rangerian				469.1 *
			Billingen									Rangerian				469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian									Ibexian	Blackhillsian				Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
													Latorp †					470.1 *
			Hunneberg															473.7 *
												Tulean						473.9 *
		Tremadocian		Ordovician 1								Tulean						477.7
												Stairsian						480.3 *
			Varangu									Stairsian						481.3 *
			Varangu		Skullrockian	Demingian †						482 *
			Pakerort			Demingian †						482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Pakerort	Cambrian 5												485.4
									486.3 *
									486.5
											487.5
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †							Cambrian 4					497
		Drumian									Cambrian 4					500.5
		Wuliuan									Stage 5 †					Cambrian 3	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4														Cambrian 3	509
	Series 2	Stage 3														Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2														Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian														Cambrian 1	529
																			538.8