PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Permian Subages of Germany	Permian of China	Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of Britain				Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	South American Land Mammal Ages		Mesozoic Subages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Cenozoic 6														0
		Northgrippian																		0.0042
		Greenlandian																		0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Late Pleistocene						Lujanian				0.0117
		Chibanian								Middle Pleistocene						Lujanian				0.129
		Chibanian								Middle Pleistocene						Ensenadan				0.3 *
		Calabrian								Early Pleistocene						Ensenadan				0.774
		Calabrian														Sanandresian	Uquian †			1.7 *
		Gelasian														Sanandresian				1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †							Late Pliocene						Vorohuean				2.58
		Piacenzian								Late Pliocene						Chapadmalalan				2.9 *
		Zanclean								Early Pliocene						Chapadmalalan				3.6
																Montehermosan				3.7 *
																Huayquerian				4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian								Late Miocene										5.333
		Tortonian																		7.246
																Chasicoan				7.9 *
																Mayoan				9.9 *
																Laventan				10.9 *
		Serravallian				Cenozoic 5				Middle Miocene						Laventan				11.63
		Serravallian														Colloncuran				13.7 *
		Langhian														Colloncuran				13.82
		Langhian														Friasian				15.4 *
		Burdigalian								Early Miocene						Friasian				15.98
																Santacrucian				16.2 *
																Colhuehuapian				17.4 *
		Aquitanian														Colhuehuapian				20.44
		Aquitanian														Deseadan				20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Cenozoic 4				Late Oligocene										23.03
		Rupelian								Early Oligocene										27.82
		Rupelian								Early Oligocene						Tinguirirican				28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian				Cenozoic 3				Late Eocene						Tinguirirican				33.9
		Priabonian								Late Eocene						Divisaderan				35.9 *
		Bartonian								Middle Eocene										37.71
		Lutetian				Cenozoic 2														41.2
		Lutetian														Mustersan				41.9 *
		Ypresian								Early Eocene						Mustersan				47.8
		Ypresian								Early Eocene						Casamayoran				47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Cenozoic 1				Late Paleocene						Riochican				56
																Itaboraian				56.9 *
																Peligran				58.9 *
		Selandian								Middle Paleocene										59.2
		Danian								Early Paleocene										61.6
		Danian								Early Paleocene						Tiupampan				62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Cretaceous 8												Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		66
		Campanian				Cretaceous 7												Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		72.1
		Santonian				Cretaceous 6												Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		83.6
		Coniacian																Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian		86.3
		Turonian																Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian		89.8
		Cenomanian				Cretaceous 5												Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Cretaceous 4												Late Albian		100.5
																		Middle Albian		106.2 *
																		Early Albian		109.9 *
		Aptian				Cretaceous 3												Late Aptian		113
		Aptian				Cretaceous 3												Early Aptian		119.5 *
		Barremian				Cretaceous 2												Late Barremian/Early Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian				Cretaceous 2												Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian				Cretaceous 1												Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian																Late Berriasian		139.8
																		Middle Berriasian		140.6 *
																		Early Berriasian		142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Jurassic 6												Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	145
		Tithonian				Jurassic 6												Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian				Jurassic 5												Late Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian	152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		154.8
		Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian		Jurassic 4		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian	165.3
		Bajocian				Late Bajocian	168.2
		Bajocian				Early Bajocian	168.6 *
		Aalenian		Jurassic 3		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Late Toarcian	174.7
						Middle Toarcian	180.4 *
						Early Toarcian	182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian	184.2
		Sinemurian		Jurassic 1		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian	192.9
		Hettangian		Jurassic 1		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4			201.4
		Norian				Sevatian	208.5
						Alaunian	213.2 *
						Lacian	216.7 *
		Carnian		Triassic 3		Tuvalian	227
		Carnian		Triassic 3		Julian	233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2		Longobardian	237
		Ladinian				Fassanian	239.7 *
		Anisian				Illyrian	242
						Pelsonian	243.8 *
						Bithynian	244.7 *
						Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1		Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian				Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan				Dienerian	251.2
		Induan				Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4		Buntsandstein	Meishanian		251.902
		Changhsingian					Baoqingian		253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †		Laoshanian		254.14
		Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †		Laibinian		257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Ohre/Aller		Lengwuan		259.51
		Wordian					Leine		Kuhfengian		264.28
		Roadian		Permian 3					Kuhfengian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2					Luodianian		273.01
		Artinskian							Luodianian		283.5
		Artinskian							Longlinian		285.4 *
		Sakmarian							Longlinian		290.1
		Asselian		Permian 1					Zisongian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5					Zisongian		Mapingian †	298.9
		Gzhelian										300.1
		Kasimovian	303.7
		Kasimovian								305.9
		Moscovian		Carboniferous 4						307
		Bashkirian		Carboniferous 4						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3						323.2
		Visean		Carboniferous 2						330.9
		Tournaisian		Carboniferous 1						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Devonian 5						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Devonian 4						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Devonian 3						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Devonian 3						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Devonian 2						393.3
		Pragian		Devonian 1						407.6
		Lochkovian		Devonian 1						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			Silurian 2						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		Silurian 1						433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ordovician 5						Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian			Rawtheyan						445.2
					Cautleyan						448.9 *
					Pusgillian						449.3 *
					Caradoc					Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
										Cheneyan		451.5 *
										Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian		Ordovician 4								453
											Actonian †	453.2 *
											Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
											Longvillian †		455.2 *
										Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
										Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Ordovician 3	Llanvirn					Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian		Ordovician 3						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian		Ordovician 2						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
		Dapingian			Arenig					Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian								Fennian			470
										Whitlandian			471.1 *
										Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Ordovician 1	Tremadoc					Migneintian			477.7
					Tremadoc					Cressagian			480.8 *
													485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Cambrian 5									485.4
		Jiangshanian											489.5
		Paibian											494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †									Cambrian 4	497
		Guzhangian												Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian						500.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †		Cambrian 3					504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Cambrian 3					Branchian	509
		Stage 3						Cambrian 2					Branchian	514
		Stage 3											Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian					Cambrian 1	529
																				538.8