PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian of North America		Silurian of the Baltic	Permian Subages of Germany	Mesozoic Subages		Cambrian of Siberia		Central Paratethys Stages	Ordovician of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Cenozoic 6														0
		Northgrippian																		0.0042
		Greenlandian																		0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																		0.0117
		Chibanian																		0.129
		Calabrian																		0.774
		Gelasian																		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †																	2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																		3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																		5.333
		Tortonian													Pannonian					7.246
		Serravallian				Cenozoic 5									Sarmatian					11.63
		Serravallian													Badenian					12.8 *
		Langhian																		13.82
		Burdigalian																		15.98
		Aquitanian																		20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Cenozoic 4														23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian				Cenozoic 4														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				Cenozoic 3														33.9
		Bartonian				Cenozoic 3														37.71
		Lutetian				Cenozoic 2														41.2
		Ypresian				Cenozoic 2														47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Cenozoic 1														56
		Selandian																		59.2
		Danian																		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Cretaceous 8					Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian									66
		Campanian				Cretaceous 7					Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian									72.1
		Santonian				Cretaceous 6					Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian				Cretaceous 5					Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Cretaceous 4					Late Albian									100.5
											Middle Albian									106.2 *
											Early Albian									109.9 *
		Aptian				Cretaceous 3					Late Aptian									113
		Aptian				Cretaceous 3					Early Aptian									119.5 *
		Barremian				Cretaceous 2					Late Barremian/Early Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian				Cretaceous 2					Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian				Cretaceous 1					Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									Late Berriasian									139.8
											Middle Berriasian									140.6 *
											Early Berriasian									142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Jurassic 6					Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian								145
		Tithonian				Jurassic 6					Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian								146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian				Jurassic 5					Late Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Kimmeridgian									Early Kimmeridgian									152.2 *
		Oxfordian									Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian								154.8
		Oxfordian										Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian								157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian				Jurassic 4					Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian									Late Bajocian									168.2
		Bajocian									Early Bajocian									168.6 *
		Aalenian				Jurassic 3					Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									Late Toarcian									174.7
											Middle Toarcian									180.4 *
											Early Toarcian									182.9 *
		Pliensbachian				Jurassic 2					Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian									184.2
		Sinemurian				Jurassic 1					Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian									192.9
		Hettangian				Jurassic 1					Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Triassic 4														201.4
		Norian									Sevatian									208.5
											Alaunian									213.2 *
											Lacian									216.7 *
		Carnian				Triassic 3					Tuvalian									227
		Carnian		Julian	233.4 *	Triassic 3
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2	Longobardian	237
		Ladinian			Fassanian	239.7 *
		Anisian			Illyrian	242
					Pelsonian	243.8 *
					Bithynian	244.7 *
					Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1	Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian			Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan			Dienerian	251.2
		Induan			Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4	Buntsandstein		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Buntsandstein		Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Ohre/Aller	259.51
		Wordian					Leine	264.28
		Roadian		Permian 3				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2				273.01
		Artinskian						283.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian		Permian 1				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5				298.9
		Kasimovian		Carboniferous 5				303.7
		Moscovian		Carboniferous 4				307
		Bashkirian		Carboniferous 4				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3				323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2	Ohesaare				419.2
	Pridoli			Kaugetuma				421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		Kuressaare				423
		Ludfordian		Paadla				423.4 *
		Gorstian		Paadla				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		Rootsikula				427.4
		Homerian		Jaagarahu				429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian		Jaagarahu				430.5
		Sheinwoodian		Jaani				431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1	Jaani				433.4
		Telychian		Adavere				434 *
		Aeronian		Adavere				438.5
		Aeronian		Raikkula				439.4 *
		Rhuddanian		Raikkula				440.8
		Rhuddanian		Juuru				441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5					Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian							Gamachian	445.2
									Richmondian	446 *
									Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
									Edenian		450.4 *
								Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4						Chatfieldian		453
									Turinian		453.7 *
								Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3									458.4
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2									467.3
		Dapingian							Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian							Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1						Tulean				477.7
									Stairsian				480.3 *
									Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
												Demingian †	Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5							Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian			Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
								Sunwaptan									Dolgellian/Trempealeauan		487.5
																	Festiniogian		489.2 *
		Jiangshanian																	489.5
											Aksaian								490.7 *
											Sakian								492.2 *
								Steptoean											493 *
																	Maentwrogian		493.1 *
		Paibian				494
		Paibian				Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian							494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †		Cambrian 4	Marjumian		Albertian †		Ayusokkanian			St Davids				497
		Guzhangian								Mayan/Menevian							499.5
		Drumian					500.5			Mayan/Menevian
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †	Cambrian 3	Topazan			Amgan/Solvan							504.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †		Delamaran										506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Waucoban †					Caerfai				509
										Toyonian	Lenian †						510 *
							Dyeran			Toyonian							511 *
										Botomian							512.5 *
		Stage 3				Cambrian 2											514
							Montezuman										514.8 *
							Montezuman			Atdabanian							515.6 *
							Begadean			Atdabanian							519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								Tommotian							521
		Stage 2								Nemakit-Daldynian							525.5
		Fortunian				Cambrian 1				Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †						529
																				538.8