PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ten Million Year Bins	Ordovician of the Baltic				Devonian of Eastern North America		Cambrian of West Avalonia	South American Land Mammal Ages		Mesozoic Subages		Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Cenozoic 6													0
		Northgrippian																	0.0042
		Greenlandian																	0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												Lujanian				Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Chibanian												Lujanian				Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Chibanian												Ensenadan				Middle Pleistocene	0.3 *
		Calabrian												Ensenadan				Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Calabrian												Sanandresian	Uquian †				1.7 *
		Gelasian												Sanandresian					1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †											Vorohuean				Late Pliocene	2.58
		Piacenzian												Chapadmalalan				Late Pliocene	2.9 *
		Zanclean												Chapadmalalan				Early Pliocene	3.6
														Montehermosan					3.7 *
														Huayquerian					4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian																Late Miocene	5.333
		Tortonian																	7.246
														Chasicoan					7.9 *
														Mayoan					9.9 *
														Laventan					10.9 *
		Serravallian				Cenozoic 5								Laventan				Middle Miocene	11.63
		Serravallian												Colloncuran					13.7 *
		Langhian												Colloncuran					13.82
		Langhian												Friasian					15.4 *
		Burdigalian												Friasian				Early Miocene	15.98
														Santacrucian					16.2 *
														Colhuehuapian					17.4 *
		Aquitanian												Colhuehuapian					20.44
		Aquitanian												Deseadan					20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Cenozoic 4												Late Oligocene	23.03
		Rupelian																Early Oligocene	27.82
		Rupelian												Tinguirirican				Early Oligocene	28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian				Cenozoic 3								Tinguirirican				Late Eocene	33.9
		Priabonian												Divisaderan				Late Eocene	35.9 *
		Bartonian																Middle Eocene	37.71
		Lutetian				Cenozoic 2													41.2
		Lutetian												Mustersan					41.9 *
		Ypresian												Mustersan				Early Eocene	47.8
		Ypresian												Casamayoran				Early Eocene	47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Cenozoic 1								Riochican				Late Paleocene	56
														Itaboraian					56.9 *
														Peligran					58.9 *
		Selandian																Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Danian																Early Paleocene	61.6
		Danian												Tiupampan				Early Paleocene	62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Cretaceous 8										Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian			66
		Campanian				Cretaceous 7										Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian			72.1
		Santonian				Cretaceous 6										Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian			83.6
		Coniacian														Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian			86.3
		Turonian														Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian			89.8
		Cenomanian				Cretaceous 5										Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian			93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Cretaceous 4										Late Albian			100.5
																Middle Albian			106.2 *
																Early Albian			109.9 *
		Aptian				Cretaceous 3										Late Aptian			113
		Aptian				Cretaceous 3										Early Aptian			119.5 *
		Barremian				Cretaceous 2										Late Barremian/Early Barremian			121.4
		Hauterivian				Cretaceous 2										Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian			125.77
		Valanginian				Cretaceous 1										Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian			132.6
		Berriasian														Late Berriasian			139.8
																Middle Berriasian			140.6 *
																Early Berriasian			142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Jurassic 6										Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		145
		Tithonian				Jurassic 6										Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian				Jurassic 5										Late Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian	152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		154.8
		Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian		Jurassic 4		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian	165.3
		Bajocian				Late Bajocian	168.2
		Bajocian				Early Bajocian	168.6 *
		Aalenian		Jurassic 3		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Late Toarcian	174.7
						Middle Toarcian	180.4 *
						Early Toarcian	182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian	184.2
		Sinemurian		Jurassic 1		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian	192.9
		Hettangian		Jurassic 1		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4			201.4
		Norian				Sevatian	208.5
						Alaunian	213.2 *
						Lacian	216.7 *
		Carnian		Triassic 3		Tuvalian	227
		Carnian		Triassic 3		Julian	233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2		Longobardian	237
		Ladinian				Fassanian	239.7 *
		Anisian				Illyrian	242
						Pelsonian	243.8 *
						Bithynian	244.7 *
						Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1		Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian				Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan				Dienerian	251.2
		Induan				Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
		Wordian						264.28
		Roadian		Permian 3				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2				273.01
		Artinskian						283.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian		Permian 1				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5				298.9
		Kasimovian		Carboniferous 5				303.7
		Moscovian		Carboniferous 4				307
		Bashkirian		Carboniferous 4				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3				323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4	West Fallsian/Sonyean				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan				Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3	Southwoodian				Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian				Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1						407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1						433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5						Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian								Pirgu	445.2
										Vormsi	449.6 *
										Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
									Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
										Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4		Keila					Idavere †	453
					Haljala						453.9
					Kukruse						456.4 *
					Uhaku					Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3		Uhaku						458.4
					Lasnamagi						458.9 *
					Aseri						460.4 *
					Oeland				Kunda		462.9 *
									Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
									Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2						Volkhov			467.3
		Dapingian							Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian										470
										Latorp †		470.1 *
									Hunneberg			473.7 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1						Hunneberg			477.7
									Varangu			481.3 *
									Pakerort			482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5						Pakerort			485.4
												486.3 *
												486.5
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †									Cambrian 4	497
		Guzhangian											Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian												500.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †					Cambrian 3		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Branchian					Cambrian 3	509
		Stage 3					Branchian					Cambrian 2	514
		Stage 3					Placentian						517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian										Cambrian 1	529
																			538.8