PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ten Million Year Bins	Ordovician of Britain				Permian of China	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		European Faunal Zones	North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Cretaceous Subepochs	Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Cenozoic 6														0
		Northgrippian																		0.0042
		Greenlandian																		0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													Sheridanian				Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Chibanian													Sheridanian				Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Chibanian													Cudahyan/Sappan				Middle Pleistocene	0.21
		Calabrian													Cudahyan/Sappan				Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Calabrian													Senecan/Rexroadian					1.4
		Gelasian												MN 17						1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †											MN 16					Late Pliocene	2.58
		Piacenzian												MN 15					Late Pliocene	3.2
		Zanclean												MN 15					Early Pliocene	3.6
														MN 14						4.2
														MN 14	Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian					4.7
														MN 13						4.9
	Miocene	Messinian												MN 13					Late Miocene	5.333
		Tortonian												MN 12						7.246
														MN 11						7.75
														MN 10						8.7
														MN 10	Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian					9.4
														MN 9						9.7
														MN 7 + 8						11.1
		Serravallian				Cenozoic 5													Middle Miocene	11.63
															late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian					12.5
														MN 6						12.8 *
		Langhian												MN 5						13.82
		Burdigalian												MN 4					Early Miocene	15.98
														MN 4	Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian					16.3
														MN 3	Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian					16.9
														MN 3	late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian				18.5
														MN 2						20
		Aquitanian												MN 2						20.44
		Aquitanian												MN 1						22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Cenozoic 4													Late Oligocene	23.03
																Monroecreekian				23.1 *
																Geringian				24.7 *
		Rupelian														Geringian			Early Oligocene	27.82
		Rupelian																	Early Oligocene	29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian				Cenozoic 3									Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian				Late Eocene	33.9
		Priabonian																	Late Eocene	37
		Bartonian																	Middle Eocene	37.71
		Bartonian													Late Uintan/Early Uintan					39.7
		Lutetian				Cenozoic 2									Late Uintan/Early Uintan					41.2
		Lutetian													Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian					46.2
		Ypresian													Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian				Early Eocene	47.8
															Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean					50.5
																	Cf3/Cf2/Cf1			54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Cenozoic 1											Cf3/Cf2/Cf1		Late Paleocene	56
		Thanetian															Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1		Late Paleocene	56.2
		Selandian															Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1		Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Selandian															To3/To2/To1		Middle Paleocene	60.9
		Danian															To3/To2/To1		Early Paleocene	61.6
		Danian															Pu3/Pu2/Pu1		Early Paleocene	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Cretaceous 8												Senonian		66
		Campanian				Cretaceous 7														72.1
		Santonian				Cretaceous 6														83.6
		Coniacian																		86.3
		Turonian																		89.8
		Cenomanian				Cretaceous 5														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Cretaceous 4												Gallic		100.5
		Aptian				Cretaceous 3														113
		Barremian				Cretaceous 2														121.4
		Hauterivian				Cretaceous 2												Neocomian		125.77
		Valanginian				Cretaceous 1														132.6
		Berriasian		139.8		Cretaceous 1
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Jurassic 6	Oteke	Puaroan		145
		Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5	Oteke	Puaroan		149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan		150
						Heterian		154.5
		Oxfordian						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
		Callovian				Temaikan		164.3
		Bathonian		Jurassic 4				165.3
		Bajocian		Jurassic 4				168.2
		Aalenian		Jurassic 3				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						174.7
		Toarcian			Herangi	Ururoan		176
		Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2		Ururoan		184.2
		Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2		Aratauran		188.9
		Sinemurian		Jurassic 1				192.9
		Hettangian		Jurassic 1				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4	Balfour	Otapirian		201.4
		Norian				Warepan		208.5
						Otamitan		217
						Oretian		221
		Carnian		Triassic 3		Oretian		227
		Carnian		Triassic 3	Gore	Kaihikuan		227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2		Kaihikuan		237
		Ladinian				Etalian		238
		Anisian				Etalian		242
		Anisian				Malakovian		246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1		Malakovian		247.2
		Olenekian				Nelsonian		249
		Induan				Nelsonian		251.2
		Induan			DUrville	Makarewan		251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4		Makarewan		Meishanian	251.902
						Waiitian		Meishanian	253.2
								Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian						Longtanian †	Laoshanian	254.14
						Puruhauan			Laoshanian	254.2
						Puruhauan			Laibinian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Lengwuan		Aparima	Flettian	259.51
		Wordian				Kuhfengian			Flettian	264.28
		Wordian							Barettian	266
		Roadian		Permian 3						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2		Luodianian				273.01
		Kungurian							Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian							Mangapirian	283.5
									Telfordian	285
						Longlinian			Telfordian	285.4 *
										288.5
		Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian		Permian 1		Zisongian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5		Zisongian				298.9
		Gzhelian								300.1
		Kasimovian								303.7
		Moscovian		Carboniferous 4						307
		Bashkirian	315.2	Carboniferous 4
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2	419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5	Ashgill			Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian					Rawtheyan			445.2
							Cautleyan			448.9 *
							Pusgillian			449.3 *
				Caradoc			Streffordian			Onnian †	449.6 *
							Cheneyan				451.5 *
							Burrellian				452.7 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4								453
										Actonian †	453.2 *
										Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †		455.2 *
							Aurelucian			Longvillian †		456.8 *
							Aurelucian			Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	Llanvirn			Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					458.4
		Darriwilian	Ordovician 3				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					461.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					467.3
		Dapingian		Arenig			Fennian					468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Fennian					470
							Whitlandian					471.1 *
							Moridunian					474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Tremadoc			Migneintian					477.7
				Tremadoc			Cressagian					480.8 *
												485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5									Late Cambrian	485.4
		Jiangshanian											489.5
		Paibian											494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †									Cambrian 4	Middle Cambrian	497
		Drumian										Cambrian 4		500.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †							Cambrian 3		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4										Cambrian 3	Early Cambrian	509
	Series 2	Stage 3										Cambrian 2		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										Cambrian 2		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian										Cambrian 1		529
																				538.8