PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ten Million Year Bins	Silurian of the Baltic	Carboniferous Subepochs	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Mesozoic Subages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Cenozoic 6												0
		Northgrippian																0.0042
		Greenlandian																0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Sheridanian					0.0117
		Chibanian											Sheridanian					0.129
		Chibanian											Cudahyan/Sappan					0.21
		Calabrian											Cudahyan/Sappan					0.774
		Calabrian											Senecan/Rexroadian					1.4
		Gelasian																1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †															2.58
		Zanclean																3.6
		Zanclean											Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian					4.7
	Miocene	Messinian																5.333
		Tortonian																7.246
		Tortonian											Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian					9.4
		Serravallian				Cenozoic 5							Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian					11.63
		Serravallian											late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian					12.5
		Langhian																13.82
		Burdigalian																15.98
													Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian					16.3
													late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian				18.5
		Aquitanian																20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Cenozoic 4												23.03
														Monroecreekian				23.1 *
														Geringian				24.7 *
		Rupelian												Geringian				27.82
		Rupelian																29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian				Cenozoic 3							Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian					33.9
		Priabonian																37
		Bartonian																37.71
		Bartonian											Late Uintan/Early Uintan					39.7
		Lutetian				Cenozoic 2							Late Uintan/Early Uintan					41.2
		Lutetian											Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian					46.2
		Ypresian											Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian					47.8
													Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean					50.5
															Cf3/Cf2/Cf1			54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Cenozoic 1									Cf3/Cf2/Cf1			56
		Thanetian													Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1			56.2
		Selandian													Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1			59.2
		Selandian													To3/To2/To1			60.9
		Danian													To3/To2/To1			61.6
		Danian													Pu3/Pu2/Pu1			63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Cretaceous 8										Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		66
		Campanian				Cretaceous 7										Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		72.1
		Santonian				Cretaceous 6										Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		83.6
		Coniacian														Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian		86.3
		Turonian														Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian		89.8
		Cenomanian				Cretaceous 5										Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Cretaceous 4										Late Albian		100.5
																Middle Albian		106.2 *
																Early Albian		109.9 *
		Aptian				Cretaceous 3										Late Aptian		113
		Aptian				Cretaceous 3										Early Aptian		119.5 *
		Barremian				Cretaceous 2										Late Barremian/Early Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian				Cretaceous 2										Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian				Cretaceous 1										Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian														Late Berriasian		139.8
																Middle Berriasian		140.6 *
																Early Berriasian		142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Jurassic 6										Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	145
		Tithonian				Jurassic 6										Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian				Jurassic 5										Late Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Kimmeridgian														Early Kimmeridgian		152.2 *
		Oxfordian														Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian			157.9 *												Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian		Jurassic 4		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian	165.3
		Bajocian				Late Bajocian	168.2
		Bajocian				Early Bajocian	168.6 *
		Aalenian		Jurassic 3		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Late Toarcian	174.7
						Middle Toarcian	180.4 *
						Early Toarcian	182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian	184.2
		Sinemurian		Jurassic 1		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian	192.9
		Hettangian		Jurassic 1		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4			201.4
		Norian				Sevatian	208.5
						Alaunian	213.2 *
						Lacian	216.7 *
		Carnian		Triassic 3		Tuvalian	227
		Carnian		Triassic 3		Julian	233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2		Longobardian	237
		Ladinian				Fassanian	239.7 *
		Anisian				Illyrian	242
						Pelsonian	243.8 *
						Bithynian	244.7 *
						Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1		Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian				Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan				Dienerian	251.2
		Induan				Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
		Wordian						264.28
		Roadian		Permian 3				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2				273.01
		Artinskian						283.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian		Permian 1				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5				Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian		Carboniferous 5				Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian		Carboniferous 4				Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian		Carboniferous 4				Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3				Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	Middle Mississippian				330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Early Mississippian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2					393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1					407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2					Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli							Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian						Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian						Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian						Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian						Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian						Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1					Jaani	433.4
		Telychian						Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian						Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian						Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian						Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian			Juuru			441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5					Kosovian	443.8
		Katian						Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian						Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4							453
										Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
									Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3									458.4
								Dobrotivian				458.5 *
								Oretanian				459.7 *
									Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2						Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian						Arenigian				468
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Arenigian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1					Tremadocian				Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5									Datsonian	Batyrbaian	485.4
		Stage 10										Payntonian		486.8 *
		Jiangshanian										Iverian		489.5
													Aksaian	490.7 *
													Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian										Idamean	Sakian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †									Cambrian 4	Mindyallan	Ayusokkanian	497
													Boomerangian	Ayusokkanian	499
													Boomerangian		499.5
		Drumian											Undillan	Zhanaarykian	500.5
		Drumian											Floran	Tuesaian	503
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †					Cambrian 3	Templetonian	Tuesaian	504.5
													Templetonian	505.3
													Ordian	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4												509
						Toyonian								510 *
						Toyonian								510.8 *
						Botomian								512.5 *
		Stage 3				Botomian						Cambrian 2		514
		Stage 3				Atdabanian								515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Tommotian								521
		Stage 2												525.5
		Fortunian										Cambrian 1		529
																		538.8