PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ten Million Year Bins	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Permian of Western Europe	Cambrian of North America		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Mesozoic Subages		Silurian of North America	South American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Cenozoic 6		Wanganui	Haweran										0
		Northgrippian																	0.0042
		Greenlandian																	0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Nihewanian				Lujanian		0.0117
		Chibanian															Lujanian		0.129
																	Ensenadan		0.3 *
									Castlecliffian										0.34
		Calabrian							Castlecliffian										0.774
									Nukumaruan										1.63
																	Sanandresian	Uquian †	1.7 *
		Gelasian																	1.8
		Gelasian							Mangapanian										2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †										Yushean				Vorohuean		2.58
																	Chapadmalalan		2.9 *
									Waipipian										3
		Zanclean							Waipipian										3.6
									Opoitian								Montehermosan		3.7 *
									Opoitian				Baodean				Huayquerian		4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian						Taranaki	Kapitean										5.333
		Messinian							Tongaporutuan										7.2
		Tortonian																	7.246
																	Chasicoan		7.9 *
																	Mayoan		9.9 *
																	Laventan		10.9 *
								Southland	Waiauan										11.04
													Tunggurian						11.1
		Serravallian				Cenozoic 5													11.63
									Lillburnian										13.05
																	Colloncuran		13.7 *
		Langhian											Shanwangian						13.82
									Clifdenian										15.1
									Clifdenian								Friasian		15.4 *
								Pareora	Altonian										15.9
		Burdigalian																	15.98
																	Santacrucian		16.2 *
													Xiejiaan				Santacrucian		16.9
																	Colhuehuapian		17.4 *
									Otaian										18.7
		Aquitanian																	20.44
																	Deseadan		20.9 *
								Landon	Waitakian										21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Cenozoic 4			Waitakian										23.03
									Duntroonian										25.2
									Whaingaroan										27.3
		Rupelian																	27.82
		Rupelian															Tinguirirican		28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian				Cenozoic 3													33.9
								Arnold	Runangan										34.6
									Runangan								Divisaderan		35.9 *
									Kaiatan										36.7
		Bartonian							Kaiatan										37.71
		Bartonian							Bortonian										39.1
		Lutetian				Cenozoic 2													41.2
																	Mustersan		41.9 *
								Dannevirke	Porangan										42.6
									Heretaungan										45.7
		Ypresian																	47.8
																	Casamayoran		47.9 *
									Mangaorapan										48.9
									Waipawan										52
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Cenozoic 1			Teurian								Riochican		56
																	Itaboraian		56.9 *
																	Peligran		58.9 *
		Selandian																	59.2
		Danian		61.6
		Danian		Tiupampan	62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Cretaceous 8	Mata	Haumurian	Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		66
		Campanian		Cretaceous 7		Haumurian	Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		72.1
		Santonian		Cretaceous 6		Piripauan	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		83.6
		Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		86.1
		Coniacian					Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian		86.3
		Turonian					Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian		89.8
						Mangaotanean			90.5
						Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian		Cretaceous 5		Arowhanan	Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
						Motuan			99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Cretaceous 4		Motuan	Late Albian		100.5
						Urutawan	Late Albian		103.3
						Urutawan	Middle Albian		106.2 *
					Taitai	Korangan	Middle Albian		108.4
							Early Albian		109.9 *
		Aptian		Cretaceous 3			Late Aptian		113
							Late Aptian		117.5
							Early Aptian		119.5 *
		Barremian		Cretaceous 2			Late Barremian/Early Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian		Cretaceous 2			Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian		Cretaceous 1			Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian					Late Berriasian		139.8
							Middle Berriasian		140.6 *
							Early Berriasian		142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Jurassic 6			Late Tithonian		Middle Tithonian	145
		Tithonian		Jurassic 6			Early Tithonian		Middle Tithonian	146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5			Late Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Kimmeridgian					Early Kimmeridgian			152.2 *
		Oxfordian					Late Oxfordian		Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian							Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian		Jurassic 4			Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian					Late Bajocian			168.2
		Bajocian					Early Bajocian			168.6 *
		Aalenian		Jurassic 3			Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Late Toarcian			174.7
							Middle Toarcian			180.4 *
							Early Toarcian			182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2			Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian		Jurassic 1			Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian		Jurassic 1			Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4						201.4
		Norian					Sevatian			208.5
							Alaunian			213.2 *
							Lacian			216.7 *
		Carnian		Triassic 3			Tuvalian			227
		Carnian		Triassic 3			Julian			233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2			Longobardian			237
		Ladinian					Fassanian			239.7 *
		Anisian					Illyrian			242
							Pelsonian			243.8 *
							Bithynian			244.7 *
							Aegean			245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1			Spathian			247.2
		Olenekian					Smithian			248.9 *
		Induan					Dienerian			251.2
		Induan					Griesbachian			251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4			Melekhovian				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian									Longtanian †	Zechstein	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian										Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian											264.28
		Wordian					Noginskian						264.9 *
		Roadian		Permian 3									266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2	273.01
		Kungurian		Pavlovoposadian			276.8 *
		Artinskian		Pavlovoposadian			Autunian	283.5
		Artinskian		Rusavkinian				287.6 *
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5					298.9
		Kasimovian		Dorogomilovian				303.7
				Khamovnikian				304.8
				Krevyakinian				305.8 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4	Myachkovian				307
				Podolskian				308.9 *
				Kashirian				311.4 *
				Vereian				313.8
				Melekessian				314.8
		Bashkirian		Melekessian				315.2
				Cheremshanian				316.9 *
				Prikamian		318.6 *
				Severokeltmian		319.9 *
				Krasnopolyanian		321.2 *
				Voznesenian		321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	Zapaltjubian		323.2
				Protvian		324.4 *
				Steshevian		326.8 *
				Tarusian		329 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	Venevian	330.9
				Mikhailovian	331.9 *
				Aleksinian	333.7 *
				Tulian	335.8 *
				Bobrikian	339.9 *
				Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Kosvian	346.7
				Kizelian	350.7 *
				Cherepetian	351.9 *
				Karakubian	354.4 *
				Upinian	356.3 *
				Malevkian	357.6 *
				Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2		393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1		407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2		Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli				Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Lockportian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1			Ontarian		433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
								Alexandrian	438.7 *
					Medinan	Clinton			440.1 *
									440.7 *
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5						Harju			Porkuni	443.8
		Katian								Pirgu		445.2
										Vormsi		449.6 *
										Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
									Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
										Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4							Keila	Idavere †	453
										Haljala		453.9
										Kukruse		456.4 *
										Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3							Uhaku		458.4
										Lasnamagi		458.9 *
										Aseri		460.4 *
							Oeland		Kunda	462.9 *
									Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
									Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2						Volkhov			467.3
		Dapingian							Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian										470
										Latorp †		470.1 *
									Hunneberg			473.7 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1						Hunneberg			477.7
									Varangu			481.3 *
									Pakerort			482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5						Pakerort	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan			485.4
													486.3 *
													486.5
													Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian											Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian											Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian											Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †							Cambrian 4			Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian								Cambrian 4			Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan								Stage 5 †			Cambrian 3		Topazan	504.5
		Wuliuan								Stage 5 †					Delamaran	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4												Waucoban †	Delamaran	509
		Stage 4													Dyeran	511 *
		Stage 3											Cambrian 2		Dyeran	514
															Montezuman	514.8 *
															Begadean	519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2														521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											Cambrian 1			529
																			538.8