PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of North America		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Devonian Subages	Ordovician of Britain				Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Mesozoic Subages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Cenozoic 6												0
		Northgrippian																0.0042
		Greenlandian																0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Nihewanian									0.0117
		Chibanian																0.129
		Calabrian																0.774
		Gelasian																1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †						Yushean									2.58
		Zanclean							Yushean									3.6
		Zanclean							Baodean									4.9
	Miocene	Messinian																5.333
		Tortonian																7.246
		Tortonian							Tunggurian									11.1
		Serravallian				Cenozoic 5			Tunggurian									11.63
		Langhian							Shanwangian									13.82
		Burdigalian							Shanwangian									15.98
		Burdigalian							Xiejiaan									16.9
		Aquitanian							Xiejiaan									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Cenozoic 4												23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian				Cenozoic 4												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				Cenozoic 3												33.9
		Bartonian				Cenozoic 3												37.71
		Lutetian				Cenozoic 2												41.2
		Ypresian				Cenozoic 2												47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Cenozoic 1												56
		Selandian																59.2
		Danian																61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Cretaceous 8									Lancian/Edmontonian	Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		66
		Campanian				Cretaceous 7									Judithian/Aquilan	Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		72.1
		Santonian				Cretaceous 6										Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		83.6
		Coniacian														Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian		86.3
		Turonian														Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian		89.8
		Cenomanian				Cretaceous 5										Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Cretaceous 4										Late Albian		100.5
																Middle Albian		106.2 *
																Early Albian		109.9 *
		Aptian				Cretaceous 3										Late Aptian		113
		Aptian				Cretaceous 3										Early Aptian		119.5 *
		Barremian				Cretaceous 2										Late Barremian/Early Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian				Cretaceous 2										Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian				Cretaceous 1										Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian														Late Berriasian		139.8
																Middle Berriasian		140.6 *
																Early Berriasian		142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Jurassic 6										Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	145
		Tithonian				Jurassic 6										Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian				Jurassic 5										Late Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Kimmeridgian														Early Kimmeridgian		152.2 *
		Oxfordian														Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian															Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian				Jurassic 4										Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian														Late Bajocian		168.2
		Bajocian														Early Bajocian		168.6 *
		Aalenian				Jurassic 3										Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														Late Toarcian		174.7
																Middle Toarcian		180.4 *
																Early Toarcian		182.9 *
		Pliensbachian				Jurassic 2										Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian				Jurassic 1										Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian				Jurassic 1										Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Triassic 4												201.4
		Norian														Sevatian		208.5
																Alaunian		213.2 *
				Lacian	216.7 *
		Carnian		Triassic 3	Tuvalian	227
		Carnian		Triassic 3	Julian	233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2	Longobardian	237
		Ladinian			Fassanian	239.7 *
		Anisian			Illyrian	242
					Pelsonian	243.8 *
					Bithynian	244.7 *
					Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1	Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian			Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan			Dienerian	251.2
		Induan			Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †	Zechstein	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Capitanian	Rotliegendes		259.51
		Wordian					Wordian			264.28
		Roadian		Permian 3			Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2			Leonardian		Cathedralian	273.01
		Kungurian							Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian						Autunian	Hessian	283.5
		Artinskian					Wolfcampian		Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian							Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian		Permian 1					Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5						298.9
		Kasimovian		Carboniferous 5						303.7
		Moscovian		Carboniferous 4						307
		Bashkirian	315.2	Carboniferous 4
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5	Late Famennian						358.9
				Middle Famennian						365.3 *
				Early Famennian						368.5 *
		Frasnian	Devonian 4	Late Frasnian						372.2
				Middle Frasnian						375.4 *
				Early Frasnian						379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3	Late Givetian						382.7
				Middle Givetian						383.7 *
				Early Givetian						385.9 *
		Eifelian		Late Eifelian						387.7
		Eifelian		Early Eifelian						390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2	Late Emsian						393.3
		Emsian	Devonian 2	Early Emsian						398.3 *
		Pragian	Devonian 1	Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian		Late Lochkovian						410.8
				Middle Lochkovian						412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian						415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1							433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5							Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian									Rawtheyan	445.2
											Cautleyan	448.9 *
											Pusgillian	449.3 *
										Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
											Cheneyan		451.5 *
											Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4										453
												Actonian †	453.2 *
												Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
												Longvillian †		455.2 *
											Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
											Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3							Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian	Ordovician 3								Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2								Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
		Dapingian								Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian									Fennian			470
											Whitlandian			471.1 *
											Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1							Tremadoc	Migneintian			Ungurian	477.7
					Cressagian					Tremadoc	480.8 *
											485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5			Batyrbaian					485.4
		Jiangshanian				Batyrbaian					489.5
						Aksaian					490.7 *
						Sakian					492.2 *
		Paibian				Sakian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †			Cambrian 4					Ayusokkanian			497
		Guzhangian												499.5
		Drumian									Zhanaarykian			500.5
		Drumian									Tuesaian			503
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †	Cambrian 3	504.5			Tuesaian
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †			505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4							509
								Toyonian	510 *
								Botomian	512.5 *
		Stage 3					Cambrian 2	Botomian	514
		Stage 3						Atdabanian	515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Tommotian	521
		Stage 2							525.5
		Fortunian					Cambrian 1		529
																		538.8