PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of North America		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Silurian Ages of Europe	Cambrian of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Cenozoic 6									0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Nihewanian				0.0117
		Chibanian													0.129
		Calabrian													0.774
		Gelasian													1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †								Yushean				2.58
		Zanclean									Yushean				3.6
		Zanclean									Baodean				4.9
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Tortonian									Tunggurian				11.1
		Serravallian				Cenozoic 5					Tunggurian				11.63
		Langhian									Shanwangian				13.82
		Burdigalian									Shanwangian				15.98
		Burdigalian									Xiejiaan				16.9
		Aquitanian									Xiejiaan				20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Cenozoic 4									23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian				Cenozoic 4									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				Cenozoic 3									33.9
		Bartonian				Cenozoic 3									37.71
		Lutetian				Cenozoic 2									41.2
		Ypresian				Cenozoic 2									47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Cenozoic 1									56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Cretaceous 8									66
		Campanian				Cretaceous 7									72.1
		Santonian				Cretaceous 6									83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian				Cretaceous 5									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Cretaceous 4									100.5
		Aptian				Cretaceous 3									113
		Barremian				Cretaceous 2									121.4
		Hauterivian				Cretaceous 2									125.77
		Valanginian				Cretaceous 1									132.6
		Berriasian				Cretaceous 1									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Jurassic 6			Oteke	Puaroan					145
		Kimmeridgian				Jurassic 5			Oteke	Puaroan					149.2
									Kawhia	Ohauan					150
										Heterian					154.5
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Callovian								Temaikan					164.3
		Bathonian				Jurassic 4									165.3
		Bajocian				Jurassic 4									168.2
		Aalenian				Jurassic 3									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Toarcian							Herangi	Ururoan					176
		Pliensbachian				Jurassic 2				Ururoan					184.2
		Pliensbachian				Jurassic 2				Aratauran					188.9
		Sinemurian				Jurassic 1									192.9
		Hettangian				Jurassic 1									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Triassic 4			Balfour	Otapirian					201.4
		Norian								Warepan					208.5
										Otamitan					217
										Oretian					221
		Carnian				Triassic 3				Oretian					227
		Carnian				Triassic 3			Gore	Kaihikuan					227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Triassic 2				Kaihikuan					237
		Ladinian								Etalian					238
		Anisian								Etalian					242
		Anisian		Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian	Triassic 1	247.2
		Olenekian		Nelsonian		249
		Induan		Nelsonian		251.2
		Induan		DUrville		Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Permian 4	Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian				Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian				Waiitian	Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian				Puruhauan	Longtanian †	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	259.51
		Wordian				Wordian		Flettian	264.28
		Wordian				Wordian		Barettian	266
		Roadian			Permian 3	Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Permian 2	Leonardian			Cathedralian	273.01
								Mangapirian	Cathedralian	276
									Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian								283.5
								Telfordian		285
						Wolfcampian		Telfordian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
										288.5
		Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian			Permian 1				Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Carboniferous 5					298.9
		Kasimovian			Carboniferous 5					303.7
		Moscovian			Carboniferous 4					307
		Bashkirian			Carboniferous 4					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Carboniferous 3					323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2		330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5		Late Famennian					358.9
					Middle Famennian					365.3 *
					Early Famennian					368.5 *
		Frasnian	Devonian 4		Late Frasnian					372.2
					Middle Frasnian					375.4 *
					Early Frasnian					379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3		Late Givetian					382.7
					Middle Givetian					383.7 *
					Early Givetian					385.9 *
		Eifelian			Late Eifelian					387.7
		Eifelian			Early Eifelian					390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2		Late Emsian					393.3
		Emsian	Devonian 2		Early Emsian					398.3 *
		Pragian	Devonian 1		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian			Late Lochkovian					410.8
					Middle Lochkovian					412.8 *
					Early Lochkovian					415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian								Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1								433.4
		Aeronian									438.5
		Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5								443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5								445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4								453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3								458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2								467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2								470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1								477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5								Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10										Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian										Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian										Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian										Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †								Cambrian 4	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian									Cambrian 4	Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †							Cambrian 3	Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †								Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4										Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4										Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3									Cambrian 2	Dyeran		514
												Montezuman		514.8 *
												Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									Cambrian 1			529
															538.8