PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ten Million Year Bins	Permian Subages of Germany	Permian of Western Europe	Carboniferous Subepochs	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Mesozoic Subages		Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Silurian of the Baltic	Ordovician of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Cenozoic 6														0
		Northgrippian																		0.0042
		Greenlandian																		0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																		0.0117
		Chibanian																		0.129
		Calabrian																		0.774
		Gelasian																		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †																	2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																		3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																		5.333
		Tortonian																		7.246
		Serravallian				Cenozoic 5														11.63
		Langhian																		13.82
		Burdigalian																		15.98
		Aquitanian																		20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Cenozoic 4														23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian				Cenozoic 4														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				Cenozoic 3														33.9
		Bartonian				Cenozoic 3														37.71
		Lutetian				Cenozoic 2														41.2
		Ypresian				Cenozoic 2														47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Cenozoic 1														56
		Selandian																		59.2
		Danian																		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Cretaceous 8						Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		Lancian/Edmontonian						66
		Campanian				Cretaceous 7						Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		Judithian/Aquilan						72.1
		Santonian				Cretaceous 6						Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian								83.6
		Coniacian										Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian										Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian								89.8
		Cenomanian				Cretaceous 5						Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian								93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Cretaceous 4						Late Albian								100.5
												Middle Albian								106.2 *
												Early Albian								109.9 *
		Aptian				Cretaceous 3						Late Aptian								113
		Aptian				Cretaceous 3						Early Aptian								119.5 *
		Barremian				Cretaceous 2						Late Barremian/Early Barremian								121.4
		Hauterivian				Cretaceous 2						Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian								125.77
		Valanginian				Cretaceous 1						Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian								132.6
		Berriasian										Late Berriasian								139.8
												Middle Berriasian								140.6 *
												Early Berriasian								142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Jurassic 6						Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian							145
		Tithonian				Jurassic 6						Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian							146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian				Jurassic 5						Late Kimmeridgian								149.2
		Kimmeridgian										Early Kimmeridgian								152.2 *
		Oxfordian										Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian							154.8
		Oxfordian											Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian							157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian								161.5
		Bathonian				Jurassic 4						Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian								165.3
		Bajocian								Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites		Late Bajocian								168.2
											Humphresianum	Late Bajocian								168.4
											Humphresianum	Early Bajocian								168.6 *
		Aalenian				Jurassic 3				Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian								Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense	Late Toarcian								174.7
												Late Toarcian								180.1
												Middle Toarcian								180.4 *
										Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		Middle Toarcian								182
										Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		Early Toarcian								182.9 *
		Pliensbachian				Jurassic 2				Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian								184.2
		Sinemurian				Jurassic 1				Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian								192.9
		Hettangian				Jurassic 1				Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian								199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Triassic 4														201.4
		Norian										Sevatian								208.5
												Alaunian								213.2 *
				Lacian	216.7 *
		Carnian		Triassic 3	Tuvalian	227
		Carnian		Triassic 3	Julian	233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2	Longobardian	237
		Ladinian			Fassanian	239.7 *
		Anisian			Illyrian	242
					Pelsonian	243.8 *
					Bithynian	244.7 *
					Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1	Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian			Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan			Dienerian	251.2
		Induan			Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4	Buntsandstein		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Buntsandstein		Longtanian †	Zechstein	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Ohre/Aller	Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian					Leine		264.28
		Roadian		Permian 3					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2					273.01
		Artinskian						Autunian	283.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian		Permian 1					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5					Late Pennsylvanian			298.9
		Kasimovian		Carboniferous 5					Late Pennsylvanian			303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4	Middle Pennsylvanian					307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4	Early Pennsylvanian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	Late Mississippian					323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	Middle Mississippian					330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Early Mississippian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2						393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1						407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2						Ohesaare			419.2
	Pridoli								Kaugetuma			421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							Kuressaare			423
		Ludfordian							Paadla			423.4 *
		Gorstian							Paadla			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							Rootsikula			427.4
		Homerian							Jaagarahu			429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian							Jaagarahu			430.5
		Sheinwoodian							Jaani			431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1						Jaani			433.4
		Telychian							Adavere			434 *
		Aeronian							Adavere			438.5
		Aeronian							Raikkula			439.4 *
		Rhuddanian							Raikkula			440.8
		Rhuddanian							Juuru			441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5									Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian											Gamachian		Pirgu	445.2
													Richmondian		Pirgu	446 *
											Vormsi		Richmondian		449.6 *
											Vormsi		Maysvillian		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
											Nabala		Maysvillian			Johvi †	450 *
											Nabala		Edenian				450.4 *
											Viru		Edenian	Rakvere			450.6 *
												Mohawkian	Chatfieldian	Rakvere			451.1 *
														Oandu			452 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4							Keila				Idavere †		453
										Keila			Turinian			453.7 *
										Haljala						453.9
										Kukruse						456.4 *
										Kukruse		Whiterockian			Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
										Uhaku				Aluoja †			457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3							Uhaku							458.4
										Lasnamagi							458.9 *
										Aseri							460.4 *
										Oeland	Kunda						462.9 *
											Kunda			Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
											Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2															467.3
													Rangerian					469.1 *
											Billingen		Rangerian					469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian										Ibexian	Blackhillsian			Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
						Latorp †											470.1 *
											Hunneberg						473.7 *
					Tulean								473.9 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1		Tulean								477.7
					Stairsian		480.3 *
					Stairsian		Varangu				481.3 *
					Skullrockian		Varangu				Demingian †		482 *
							Pakerort				Demingian †		482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5				Pakerort									485.4
								486.3 *
										486.5
												487.5
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †									Cambrian 4				497
		Drumian										Cambrian 4				500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †								Cambrian 3				504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4										Cambrian 3				509
	Series 2	Stage 3										Cambrian 2				514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										Cambrian 2				521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian										Cambrian 1				529
																				538.8