PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ten Million Year Bins	Mesozoic Subages		Cretaceous Subepochs	Carboniferous Subepochs	South American Land Mammal Ages		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Ammonite Chrons of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Cenozoic 6										0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Lujanian					0.0117
		Chibanian									Lujanian					0.129
		Chibanian									Ensenadan					0.3 *
		Calabrian									Ensenadan					0.774
		Calabrian									Sanandresian	Uquian †				1.7 *
		Gelasian									Sanandresian					1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †								Vorohuean					2.58
		Piacenzian									Chapadmalalan					2.9 *
		Zanclean									Chapadmalalan					3.6
											Montehermosan					3.7 *
											Huayquerian					4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
											Chasicoan					7.9 *
											Mayoan					9.9 *
											Laventan					10.9 *
		Serravallian				Cenozoic 5					Laventan					11.63
		Serravallian									Colloncuran					13.7 *
		Langhian									Colloncuran					13.82
		Langhian									Friasian					15.4 *
		Burdigalian									Friasian					15.98
											Santacrucian					16.2 *
											Colhuehuapian					17.4 *
		Aquitanian									Colhuehuapian					20.44
		Aquitanian									Deseadan					20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Cenozoic 4										23.03
		Rupelian														27.82
		Rupelian									Tinguirirican					28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian				Cenozoic 3					Tinguirirican					33.9
		Priabonian									Divisaderan					35.9 *
		Bartonian														37.71
		Lutetian				Cenozoic 2										41.2
		Lutetian									Mustersan					41.9 *
		Ypresian									Mustersan					47.8
		Ypresian									Casamayoran					47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Cenozoic 1					Riochican					56
											Itaboraian					56.9 *
											Peligran					58.9 *
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
		Danian									Tiupampan					62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Cretaceous 8	Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		Senonian							66
		Campanian				Cretaceous 7	Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian									72.1
		Santonian				Cretaceous 6	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian					Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian					Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian				Cretaceous 5	Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Cretaceous 4	Late Albian		Gallic							100.5
							Middle Albian									106.2 *
							Early Albian									109.9 *
		Aptian				Cretaceous 3	Late Aptian									113
		Aptian				Cretaceous 3	Early Aptian									119.5 *
		Barremian				Cretaceous 2	Late Barremian/Early Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian				Cretaceous 2	Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		Neocomian							125.77
		Valanginian				Cretaceous 1	Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian					Late Berriasian									139.8
							Middle Berriasian									140.6 *
							Early Berriasian									142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Jurassic 6	Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian								145
		Tithonian				Jurassic 6	Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian								146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian				Jurassic 5	Late Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian	152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		154.8
		Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian		Jurassic 4		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian	165.3
		Bajocian				Late Bajocian	Epizigzagiceras	168.2
						Late Bajocian	Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
						Early Bajocian	Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.6 *
		Aalenian		Jurassic 3		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian	Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Late Toarcian	Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
							Planulata	179.3 *
								Arnioceras arnouldi		179.8 *
						Middle Toarcian				180.4 *
							Kanense			181.3 *
							Carlottense			182.3 *
						Early Toarcian	Carlottense			182.9 *
						Early Toarcian	Kunae			183.5 *
		Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian	Kunae			184.2
							Freboldi			185.1 *
							Whiteavesi/Imlayi			Tetraspidoceras		186.2 *
										Tetraspidoceras		189.2 *
							Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras			Canadensis		190.3 *
		Sinemurian		Jurassic 1		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian						192.9
							Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras				196.4 *
							Franziceras/Euphyllites					196.5 *
		Hettangian				Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian	Franziceras/Euphyllites					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4								201.4
		Norian				Sevatian						208.5
						Alaunian						213.2 *
						Lacian						216.7 *
		Carnian		Triassic 3		Tuvalian						227
		Carnian		Triassic 3		Julian						233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2		Longobardian						237
		Ladinian				Fassanian						239.7 *
		Anisian				Illyrian						242
						Pelsonian						243.8 *
						Bithynian						244.7 *
						Aegean						245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1		Spathian						Vokhmian	247.2
		Olenekian				Smithian							248.9 *
		Induan				Dienerian							251.2
		Induan				Griesbachian							251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4									251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian										Longtanian †	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian									Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
		Roadian		Permian 3							Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2								273.01
		Artinskian										283.5
		Sakmarian										290.1
		Asselian		Permian 1								293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5								Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian		Carboniferous 5								Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian		Carboniferous 4								Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian		Carboniferous 4								Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3								Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean		Carboniferous 2								Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian		Carboniferous 1								Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Devonian 5									358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Devonian 4									372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Devonian 3									382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Devonian 3					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Devonian 2					393.3
		Pragian		Devonian 1					407.6
		Lochkovian		Devonian 1					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			Silurian 2					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ordovician 5	Ashgill				Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian							Rawtheyan				445.2
									Cautleyan				448.9 *
									Pusgillian				449.3 *
					Caradoc				Streffordian				Onnian †	449.6 *
									Cheneyan					451.5 *
									Burrellian					452.7 *
		Sandbian		Ordovician 4										453
													Actonian †	453.2 *
													Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
													Longvillian †		455.2 *
									Aurelucian				Longvillian †		456.8 *
									Aurelucian				Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Ordovician 3	Llanvirn				Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn						458.4
		Darriwilian		Ordovician 3					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						461.3 *
		Dapingian		Ordovician 2					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn	467.3
		Dapingian			Arenig				Fennian	468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470		Fennian
							Whitlandian	471.1 *
							Moridunian	474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Ordovician 1	Tremadoc		Migneintian	477.7
					Tremadoc		Cressagian	480.8 *
								485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Cambrian 5				485.4
		Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †				Cambrian 4	497
		Drumian						Cambrian 4	500.5
		Wuliuan	Stage 5 †					Cambrian 3	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Cambrian 3	509
	Series 2	Stage 3						Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian						Cambrian 1	529
																538.8