PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ten Million Year Bins	Mesozoic Subages		Cambrian of Britain		Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Ammonite Chrons of North America			European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Cenozoic 6										0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
		Chibanian														0.129
		Calabrian														0.774
		Gelasian													MN 17	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †												MN 16	2.58
		Piacenzian													MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean													MN 15	3.6
															MN 14	4.2
															MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian													MN 13	5.333
		Tortonian													MN 12	7.246
															MN 11	7.75
															MN 10	8.7
															MN 9	9.7
															MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian				Cenozoic 5									MN 7 + 8	11.63
		Serravallian													MN 6	12.8 *
		Langhian													MN 5	13.82
		Burdigalian													MN 4	15.98
															MN 3	16.9
															MN 2	20
		Aquitanian													MN 2	20.44
		Aquitanian													MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Cenozoic 4										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian				Cenozoic 4										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				Cenozoic 3										33.9
		Bartonian				Cenozoic 3										37.71
		Lutetian				Cenozoic 2										41.2
		Ypresian				Cenozoic 2										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Cenozoic 1										56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Cretaceous 8	Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian									66
		Campanian				Cretaceous 7	Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian									72.1
		Santonian				Cretaceous 6	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian					Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian					Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian				Cretaceous 5	Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Cretaceous 4	Late Albian									100.5
							Middle Albian									106.2 *
							Early Albian									109.9 *
		Aptian				Cretaceous 3	Late Aptian									113
		Aptian				Cretaceous 3	Early Aptian									119.5 *
		Barremian				Cretaceous 2	Late Barremian/Early Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian				Cretaceous 2	Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian				Cretaceous 1	Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian					Late Berriasian									139.8
							Middle Berriasian									140.6 *
							Early Berriasian									142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Jurassic 6	Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian								145
		Tithonian				Jurassic 6	Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian								146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian				Jurassic 5	Late Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Kimmeridgian					Early Kimmeridgian									152.2 *
		Oxfordian					Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian								154.8
		Oxfordian						Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian								157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian				Jurassic 4	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian					Late Bajocian					Epizigzagiceras				168.2
							Late Bajocian					Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense				168.4
							Early Bajocian					Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense				168.6 *
		Aalenian				Jurassic 3	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian					Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian	Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta		174.7
					Planulata		179.3 *
							Arnioceras arnouldi		179.8 *
				Middle Toarcian					180.4 *
					Kanense				181.3 *
					Carlottense				182.3 *
				Early Toarcian	Carlottense				182.9 *
				Early Toarcian	Kunae				183.5 *
		Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2	Kunae	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian			184.2
					Freboldi				185.1 *
					Whiteavesi/Imlayi				Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
									Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
					Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras				Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian		Jurassic 1		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian				192.9
					Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras			196.4 *
					Franziceras/Euphyllites					196.5 *
		Hettangian			Franziceras/Euphyllites	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4						201.4
		Norian			Sevatian					208.5
					Alaunian					213.2 *
					Lacian					216.7 *
		Carnian		Triassic 3	Tuvalian					227
		Carnian		Triassic 3	Julian					233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2	Longobardian					237
		Ladinian			Fassanian					239.7 *
		Anisian			Illyrian					242
					Pelsonian					243.8 *
					Bithynian					244.7 *
					Aegean					245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1	Spathian					247.2
		Olenekian			Smithian					248.9 *
		Induan			Dienerian					251.2
		Induan			Griesbachian					251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4						251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								259.51
		Wordian								264.28
		Roadian		Permian 3						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2						273.01
		Artinskian								283.5
		Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian		Permian 1						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5						Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian								Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian									305.9
		Moscovian		Carboniferous 4							307
		Bashkirian		Carboniferous 4							315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3							323.2
		Visean		Carboniferous 2							330.9
		Tournaisian		Carboniferous 1							346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Devonian 5							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Devonian 4							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Devonian 3							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Devonian 3							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Devonian 2							393.3
		Pragian		Devonian 1							407.6
		Lochkovian		Devonian 1							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			Silurian 2							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		Silurian 1				433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ordovician 5				Harju			Porkuni	443.8
		Katian									Pirgu	445.2
											Vormsi	449.6 *
											Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
								Viru			Rakvere		450.6 *
											Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian		Ordovician 4							Keila	Idavere †	453
											Haljala		453.9
											Kukruse		456.4 *
											Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Ordovician 3							Uhaku		458.4
											Lasnamagi		458.9 *
											Aseri		460.4 *
								Oeland			Kunda		462.9 *
									Valaste †/Hunderum		Kunda	464.3 *
											Volkhov	Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian		Ordovician 2		467.3					Volkhov
		Dapingian				Billingen	469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
							Latorp †				470.1 *
						Hunneberg					473.7 *
		Tremadocian		Ordovician 1		Hunneberg					477.7
						Varangu					481.3 *
						Pakerort					482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Cambrian 5		Pakerort	Merioneth				Dolgellian/Trempealeauan		485.4
													486.3 *
													486.5
											Festiniogian		489.2 *
		Jiangshanian									Festiniogian		489.5
		Jiangshanian									Maentwrogian		493.1 *
		Paibian									Maentwrogian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †			Cambrian 4				St Davids			497
		Drumian			500.5		Cambrian 4
		Wuliuan	Stage 5 †		Cambrian 3		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Cambrian 3		Caerfai				509
	Series 2	Stage 3			Cambrian 2						514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Cambrian 2						521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian			Cambrian 1						529
																538.8