PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ten Million Year Bins	Mesozoic Subages		Silurian of the Baltic	Carboniferous Subepochs	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Ordovician of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Cenozoic 6												0
		Northgrippian																0.0042
		Greenlandian																0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																0.0117
		Chibanian																0.129
		Calabrian																0.774
		Gelasian																1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †															2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																5.333
		Tortonian																7.246
		Serravallian				Cenozoic 5												11.63
		Langhian																13.82
		Burdigalian																15.98
		Aquitanian																20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Cenozoic 4												23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian				Cenozoic 4												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				Cenozoic 3												33.9
		Bartonian				Cenozoic 3												37.71
		Lutetian				Cenozoic 2												41.2
		Ypresian				Cenozoic 2												47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Cenozoic 1												56
		Selandian																59.2
		Danian																61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Cretaceous 8	Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian						Lancian/Edmontonian					66
		Campanian				Cretaceous 7	Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian						Judithian/Aquilan					72.1
		Santonian				Cretaceous 6	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian					Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian					Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian				Cretaceous 5	Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Cretaceous 4	Late Albian											100.5
							Middle Albian											106.2 *
							Early Albian											109.9 *
		Aptian				Cretaceous 3	Late Aptian											113
		Aptian				Cretaceous 3	Early Aptian											119.5 *
		Barremian				Cretaceous 2	Late Barremian/Early Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian				Cretaceous 2	Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian				Cretaceous 1	Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian					Late Berriasian											139.8
							Middle Berriasian											140.6 *
							Early Berriasian											142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Jurassic 6	Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian										145
		Tithonian				Jurassic 6	Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian										146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian				Jurassic 5	Late Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Kimmeridgian					Early Kimmeridgian											152.2 *
		Oxfordian					Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian										154.8
		Oxfordian						Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian										157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian				Jurassic 4	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian					Late Bajocian				Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites							168.2
							Late Bajocian					Humphresianum						168.4
							Early Bajocian					Humphresianum						168.6 *
		Aalenian				Jurassic 3	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian				Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Late Toarcian				Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense						174.7
							Late Toarcian											180.1
							Middle Toarcian											180.4 *
							Middle Toarcian				Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum							182
							Early Toarcian				Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum							182.9 *
		Pliensbachian				Jurassic 2	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian				Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni							184.2
		Sinemurian				Jurassic 1	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian				Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi							192.9
		Hettangian				Jurassic 1	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian				Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis							199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Triassic 4												201.4
		Norian					Sevatian											208.5
							Alaunian											213.2 *
				Lacian	216.7 *
		Carnian		Triassic 3	Tuvalian	227
		Carnian		Triassic 3	Julian	233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2	Longobardian	237
		Ladinian			Fassanian	239.7 *
		Anisian			Illyrian	242
					Pelsonian	243.8 *
					Bithynian	244.7 *
					Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1	Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian			Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan			Dienerian	251.2
		Induan			Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian					264.28
		Roadian		Permian 3			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2			273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian		Permian 1			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5			Late Pennsylvanian		298.9
		Kasimovian		Carboniferous 5			Late Pennsylvanian		303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4	Middle Pennsylvanian			307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4	Early Pennsylvanian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	Late Mississippian			323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	Middle Mississippian			330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Early Mississippian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2				393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1				407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2				Ohesaare		419.2
	Pridoli						Kaugetuma		421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare		423
		Ludfordian					Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian					Paadla		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula		427.4
		Homerian					Jaagarahu		429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu		430.5
		Sheinwoodian					Jaani		431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1				Jaani		433.4
		Telychian					Adavere		434 *
		Aeronian					Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian					Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian					Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian					Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5					Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Harju			Porkuni	443.8
		Katian							Gamachian				Pirgu	445.2
									Richmondian				Pirgu	446 *
									Richmondian			Vormsi	449.6 *
									Maysvillian			Vormsi	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
									Maysvillian			Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
									Edenian			Nabala			450.4 *
									Edenian	Viru		Rakvere			450.6 *
								Mohawkian	Chatfieldian			Rakvere			451.1 *
												Oandu			452 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4								Keila	Idavere †		453
									Turinian		Keila			453.7 *
											Haljala			453.9
											Kukruse			456.4 *
								Whiterockian			Kukruse		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
											Uhaku	Aluoja †			457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3								Uhaku				458.4
											Lasnamagi				458.9 *
											Aseri				460.4 *
										Oeland	Kunda				462.9 *
											Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
											Volkhov				Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2													467.3
									Rangerian							469.1 *
									Rangerian		Billingen					469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Ibexian	Blackhillsian					Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
					Latorp †										470.1 *
											Hunneberg				473.7 *
						Tulean			473.9 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			Tulean			477.7
						Stairsian			480.3 *
						Stairsian			Varangu		481.3 *
						Skullrockian			Varangu		Demingian †				482 *
									Pakerort		Demingian †				482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5						Pakerort						485.4
															486.3 *
															486.5
															487.5
		Jiangshanian													489.5
		Paibian													494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †												Cambrian 4	497
		Drumian													Cambrian 4	500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †											Cambrian 3	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4													Cambrian 3	509
	Series 2	Stage 3													Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian													Cambrian 1	529
																		538.8