PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ten Million Year Bins	Devonian of Eastern North America		Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Permian Subages of Germany	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Carboniferous of North America	North American Land Mammal Ages	Mammal Paleogene Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Cenozoic 6					Wanganui	Haweran		Saintaugustinean			0
		Meghalayan												Santarosean			0.0004
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
		Late Pleistocene												Rancholabrean			0.014
		Chibanian												Rancholabrean			0.129
														Irvingtonian			0.21
												Castlecliffian					0.34
		Calabrian															0.774
														Blancan			1.4
												Nukumaruan					1.63
		Gelasian										Nukumaruan					1.8
		Gelasian										Mangapanian					2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †									Mangapanian					2.58
		Piacenzian										Waipipian					3
		Zanclean										Waipipian					3.6
												Opoitian					3.7
												Opoitian		Hemphillian			4.7
	Miocene	Messinian									Taranaki	Kapitean					5.333
		Messinian										Tongaporutuan					7.2
		Tortonian															7.246
														Clarendonian			9.4
											Southland	Waiauan					11.04
		Serravallian				Cenozoic 5											11.63
														Barstovian			12.5
												Lillburnian					13.05
		Langhian										Lillburnian					13.82
												Clifdenian					15.1
											Pareora	Altonian					15.9
		Burdigalian															15.98
														Hemingfordian			16.3
														Arikareean			18.5
												Otaian					18.7
		Aquitanian										Otaian					20.44
		Aquitanian									Landon	Waitakian					21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Cenozoic 4						Waitakian			MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25	23.03
												Duntroonian					25.2
												Whaingaroan					27.3
		Rupelian													MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21		27.82
														Whitneyan			29.5
														Orellan			31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian				Cenozoic 3								Chadronian	MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		33.9
											Arnold	Runangan					34.6
												Kaiatan					36.7
														Duchesnean			37
		Bartonian													MP 16		37.71
												Bortonian					39.1
														Uintan			39.7
		Lutetian				Cenozoic 2									MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11		41.2
											Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
												Heretaungan					45.7
														Bridgerian			46.2
		Ypresian													MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7		47.8
												Mangaorapan					48.9
												Mangaorapan		Wasatchian			50.5
												Waipawan		Wasatchian			52
												Waipawan		Clarkforkian			54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Cenozoic 1						Teurian		Clarkforkian	MP 6	MP 1 - 5	56
		Thanetian												Tiffanian	MP 6		56.2
		Selandian												Tiffanian			59.2
		Selandian												Torrejonian			60.9
		Danian												Torrejonian			61.6
		Danian												Puercan			63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Cretaceous 8	Lancian/Edmontonian	Mata	Haumurian			66
		Campanian		Cretaceous 7	Judithian/Aquilan		Haumurian			72.1
		Santonian		Cretaceous 6			Piripauan			83.6
		Santonian				Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
							Mangaotanean			90.5
							Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian		Cretaceous 5			Arowhanan			93.9
						Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
							Motuan			99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Cretaceous 4			Motuan			100.5
							Urutawan			103.3
						Taitai	Korangan			108.4
		Aptian		Cretaceous 3			Korangan			113
		Aptian		Cretaceous 3						117.5
		Barremian		Cretaceous 2						121.4
		Hauterivian		Cretaceous 2						125.77
		Valanginian		Cretaceous 1						132.6
		Berriasian		Cretaceous 1						139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Jurassic 6						Oteke	Puaroan	145
		Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5						Oteke	Puaroan	149.2
										Kawhia	Ohauan	150
											Heterian	154.5
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Callovian									Temaikan	164.3
		Bathonian		Jurassic 4								165.3
		Bajocian		Jurassic 4								168.2
		Aalenian		Jurassic 3								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Toarcian								Herangi	Ururoan	176
		Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2							Ururoan	184.2
		Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2							Aratauran	188.9
		Sinemurian		Jurassic 1								192.9
		Hettangian		Jurassic 1								199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4						Balfour	Otapirian	201.4
		Norian									Warepan	208.5
											Otamitan	217
											Oretian	221
		Carnian		Triassic 3							Oretian	227
		Carnian		Triassic 3						Gore	Kaihikuan	227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2							Kaihikuan	237
		Ladinian									Etalian	238
		Anisian									Etalian	242
		Anisian									Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1							Malakovian	247.2
		Olenekian									Nelsonian	249
		Induan									Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan								DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4							Makarewan	Buntsandstein	251.902
		Changhsingian									Waiitian		253.2
		Wuchiapingian									Waiitian		Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian									Puruhauan		Longtanian †	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									Ohre/Aller	Aparima	Flettian	259.51
		Wordian									Leine		Flettian	264.28
		Wordian									Leine		Barettian	266
		Roadian		Permian 3										266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2										273.01
		Kungurian											Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian											Mangapirian	283.5
													Telfordian	285
														288.5
		Sakmarian												290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1	Bursumian †				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5	Virgilian				298.9
		Kasimovian		Missourian	303.7
		Kasimovian		Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4	Desmoinesian	307
		Moscovian		Atokan	312.7 *
		Bashkirian		Atokan	315.2
		Bashkirian		Morrowan	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	Chesterian	323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	Chesterian	330.9
				Meramecian	335.8 *
				Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4	West Fallsian/Sonyean			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan			Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3	Southwoodian			Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian			Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1					407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1				433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5				443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5				445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5				485.4
		Jiangshanian					489.5
		Paibian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †				Cambrian 4	497
		Drumian					Cambrian 4	500.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †	Cambrian 3	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Cambrian 3	509
	Series 2	Stage 3						Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian						Cambrian 1	529
																	538.8