PBDB Timescale

South American Land Mammal Ages

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view

There are 13 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1176 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			South American Land Mammal Ages		North American Mammal Subages/Zones
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Lujanian		Sheridanian			0.0117
		Chibanian			Sheridanian			0.129
					Cudahyan/Sappan			0.21
			Ensenadan					0.3 *
		Calabrian						0.774
					Senecan/Rexroadian			1.4
			Sanandresian	Uquian †				1.7 *
		Gelasian	Sanandresian					1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Vorohuean					2.58
		Piacenzian	Chapadmalalan					2.9 *
		Zanclean	Chapadmalalan					3.6
			Montehermosan					3.7 *
			Montehermosan		Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian			4.7
			Huayquerian					4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian						5.333
		Tortonian						7.246
			Chasicoan					7.9 *
			Chasicoan		Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian			9.4
			Mayoan					9.9 *
			Laventan					10.9 *
		Serravallian						11.63
					late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian			12.5
			Colloncuran					13.7 *
		Langhian	Colloncuran					13.82
		Langhian	Friasian					15.4 *
		Burdigalian	Friasian					15.98
			Santacrucian					16.2 *
			Santacrucian		Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian			16.3
			Colhuehuapian		Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian			17.4 *
					late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian		18.5
		Aquitanian						20.44
		Aquitanian	Deseadan					20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						23.03
						Monroecreekian		23.1 *
						Geringian		24.7 *
		Rupelian						27.82
			Tinguirirican					28.9 *
								29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian			Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian			33.9
			Divisaderan		Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian			35.9 *
								37
		Bartonian						37.71
		Bartonian			Late Uintan/Early Uintan			39.7
		Lutetian						41.2
			Mustersan					41.9 *
					Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian			46.2
		Ypresian						47.8
			Casamayoran					47.9 *
					Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean			50.5
							Cf3/Cf2/Cf1	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Riochican				Cf3/Cf2/Cf1	56
			Riochican				Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	56.2
			Itaboraian					56.9 *
			Peligran					58.9 *
		Selandian						59.2
		Selandian					To3/To2/To1	60.9
		Danian						61.6
			Tiupampan					62.4 *
			Tiupampan				Pu3/Pu2/Pu1	63.8
								66