PBDB Timescale

South American Land Mammal Ages

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view

There are 13 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1176 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			South American Land Mammal Ages		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Obsolete Names for ICS Units		Mammal Paleogene Zones
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Lujanian								0.0117
		Chibanian	Lujanian								0.129
		Chibanian	Ensenadan								0.3 *
		Calabrian	Ensenadan								0.774
		Calabrian	Sanandresian	Uquian †							1.7 *
		Gelasian	Sanandresian								1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Vorohuean				Tertiary †				2.58
		Piacenzian	Chapadmalalan								2.9 *
		Zanclean	Chapadmalalan								3.6
			Montehermosan								3.7 *
			Huayquerian								4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian									5.333
		Tortonian									7.246
			Chasicoan								7.9 *
			Mayoan								9.9 *
			Laventan								10.9 *
		Serravallian	Laventan								11.63
		Serravallian	Colloncuran								13.7 *
		Langhian	Colloncuran								13.82
		Langhian	Friasian								15.4 *
		Burdigalian	Friasian								15.98
			Santacrucian								16.2 *
			Colhuehuapian								17.4 *
		Aquitanian	Colhuehuapian								20.44
		Aquitanian	Deseadan								20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian			MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25	23.03
		Rupelian			Kekeamuan				MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21		27.82
		Rupelian	Tinguirirican		Kekeamuan				MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21		28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian	Tinguirirican		Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian				MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		33.9
		Priabonian	Divisaderan		Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian				MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		35.9 *
		Bartonian			Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan				MP 16		37.71
		Lutetian							MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11		41.2
		Lutetian	Mustersan						MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11		41.9 *
		Ypresian	Mustersan			Bumbanian			MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7		47.8
		Ypresian	Casamayoran			Bumbanian			MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7		47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Riochican		Gashatan				MP 6	MP 1 - 5	56
			Itaboraian								56.9 *
			Peligran								58.9 *
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
		Danian	Tiupampan								62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
		Campanian									72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
		Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian									168.2
		Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
		Pliensbachian									184.2
		Sinemurian									192.9
		Hettangian									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
		Norian						208.5
		Carnian						227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian						242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan						251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
		Wordian						264.28
		Roadian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
		Artinskian						283.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
		Jiangshanian	489.5
		Paibian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †		497
		Drumian			500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †	504.5
											509