PBDB Timescale

South American Land Mammal Ages

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 13 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1176 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			South American Land Mammal Ages		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Lujanian		Nihewanian	Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Chibanian	Lujanian			Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Chibanian	Ensenadan			Middle Pleistocene	0.3 *
		Calabrian	Ensenadan			Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Calabrian	Sanandresian	Uquian †			1.7 *
		Gelasian	Sanandresian				1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Vorohuean		Yushean	Late Pliocene	2.58
		Piacenzian	Chapadmalalan			Late Pliocene	2.9 *
		Zanclean	Chapadmalalan			Early Pliocene	3.6
			Montehermosan				3.7 *
			Huayquerian		Baodean		4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian				Late Miocene	5.333
		Tortonian					7.246
			Chasicoan				7.9 *
			Mayoan				9.9 *
			Laventan				10.9 *
					Tunggurian		11.1
		Serravallian				Middle Miocene	11.63
		Serravallian	Colloncuran				13.7 *
		Langhian	Colloncuran		Shanwangian		13.82
		Langhian	Friasian				15.4 *
		Burdigalian	Friasian			Early Miocene	15.98
			Santacrucian				16.2 *
			Santacrucian		Xiejiaan		16.9
			Colhuehuapian				17.4 *
		Aquitanian	Colhuehuapian				20.44
		Aquitanian	Deseadan				20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Late Oligocene	23.03
		Rupelian				Early Oligocene	27.82
		Rupelian	Tinguirirican			Early Oligocene	28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian	Tinguirirican			Late Eocene	33.9
		Priabonian	Divisaderan			Late Eocene	35.9 *
		Bartonian				Middle Eocene	37.71
		Lutetian					41.2
		Lutetian	Mustersan				41.9 *
		Ypresian	Mustersan			Early Eocene	47.8
		Ypresian	Casamayoran			Early Eocene	47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Riochican			Late Paleocene	56
			Itaboraian				56.9 *
			Peligran				58.9 *
		Selandian				Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Danian				Early Paleocene	61.6
		Danian	Tiupampan			Early Paleocene	62.4 *
							66