PBDB Timescale

South American Land Mammal Ages

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 13 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1176 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			South American Land Mammal Ages		Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Lujanian		Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Chibanian	Lujanian		Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Chibanian	Ensenadan		Middle Pleistocene	0.3 *
		Calabrian	Ensenadan		Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Calabrian	Sanandresian	Uquian †		1.7 *
		Gelasian	Sanandresian			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Vorohuean		Late Pliocene	2.58
		Piacenzian	Chapadmalalan		Late Pliocene	2.9 *
		Zanclean	Chapadmalalan		Early Pliocene	3.6
			Montehermosan			3.7 *
			Huayquerian			4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian			Late Miocene	5.333
		Tortonian				7.246
			Chasicoan			7.9 *
			Mayoan			9.9 *
			Laventan			10.9 *
		Serravallian	Laventan		Middle Miocene	11.63
		Serravallian	Colloncuran			13.7 *
		Langhian	Colloncuran			13.82
		Langhian	Friasian			15.4 *
		Burdigalian	Friasian		Early Miocene	15.98
			Santacrucian			16.2 *
			Colhuehuapian			17.4 *
		Aquitanian	Colhuehuapian			20.44
		Aquitanian	Deseadan			20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Late Oligocene	23.03
		Rupelian			Early Oligocene	27.82
		Rupelian	Tinguirirican		Early Oligocene	28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian	Tinguirirican		Late Eocene	33.9
		Priabonian	Divisaderan		Late Eocene	35.9 *
		Bartonian			Middle Eocene	37.71
		Lutetian				41.2
		Lutetian	Mustersan			41.9 *
		Ypresian	Mustersan		Early Eocene	47.8
		Ypresian	Casamayoran		Early Eocene	47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Riochican		Late Paleocene	56
			Itaboraian			56.9 *
			Peligran			58.9 *
		Selandian			Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Danian			Early Paleocene	61.6
		Danian	Tiupampan		Early Paleocene	62.4 *
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