North American Mammal Subages/Zones
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
- J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
There are 13 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 1028 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | North American Mammal Subages/Zones | Obsolete Names for ICS Units | Cenozoic Subepochs | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quaternary | Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | Sheridanian | Late Pleistocene | 0.0117 | |||||
| Chibanian | Middle Pleistocene | 0.129 | ||||||||
| Cudahyan/Sappan | 0.21 | |||||||||
| Calabrian | Early Pleistocene | 0.774 | ||||||||
| Senecan/Rexroadian | 1.4 | |||||||||
| Gelasian | 1.8 | |||||||||
| Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | Tertiary † | Late Pliocene | 2.58 | |||||
| Zanclean | Early Pliocene | 3.6 | ||||||||
| Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian | 4.7 | |||||||||
| Miocene | Messinian | Late Miocene | 5.333 | |||||||
| Tortonian | 7.246 | |||||||||
| Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian | 9.4 | |||||||||
| Serravallian | Middle Miocene | 11.63 | ||||||||
| late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian | 12.5 | |||||||||
| Langhian | 13.82 | |||||||||
| Burdigalian | Early Miocene | 15.98 | ||||||||
| Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian | 16.3 | |||||||||
| late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean | Harrisonian | 18.5 | ||||||||
| Aquitanian | 20.44 | |||||||||
| Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | Late Oligocene | 23.03 | ||||||
| Monroecreekian | 23.1 * | |||||||||
| Geringian | 24.7 * | |||||||||
| Rupelian | Early Oligocene | 27.82 | ||||||||
| 29.5 | ||||||||||
| Eocene | Priabonian | Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian | Late Eocene | 33.9 | ||||||
| 37 | ||||||||||
| Bartonian | Middle Eocene | 37.71 | ||||||||
| Late Uintan/Early Uintan | 39.7 | |||||||||
| Lutetian | 41.2 | |||||||||
| Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian | 46.2 | |||||||||
| Ypresian | Early Eocene | 47.8 | ||||||||
| Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean | 50.5 | |||||||||
| Cf3/Cf2/Cf1 | 54.9 | |||||||||
| Paleocene | Thanetian | Late Paleocene | 56 | |||||||
| Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1 | 56.2 | |||||||||
| Selandian | Middle Paleocene | 59.2 | ||||||||
| To3/To2/To1 | 60.9 | |||||||||
| Danian | Early Paleocene | 61.6 | ||||||||
| Pu3/Pu2/Pu1 | 63.8 | |||||||||
| Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | 66 | |||||||
| Campanian | 72.1 | |||||||||
| Santonian | 83.6 | |||||||||
| Coniacian | 86.3 | |||||||||
| Turonian | 89.8 | |||||||||
| Cenomanian | 93.9 | |||||||||
| Early Cretaceous | Albian | 100.5 | ||||||||
| Aptian | 113 | |||||||||
| Barremian | 121.4 | |||||||||
| Hauterivian | 125.77 | |||||||||
| Valanginian | 132.6 | |||||||||
| Berriasian | 139.8 | |||||||||
| Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | 145 | |||||||
| Kimmeridgian | 149.2 | |||||||||
| Oxfordian | 154.8 | |||||||||
| Middle Jurassic | Callovian | 161.5 | ||||||||
| Bathonian | 165.3 | |||||||||
| Bajocian | 168.2 | |||||||||
| Aalenian | 170.9 | |||||||||
| Early Jurassic | Toarcian | 174.7 | ||||||||
| Pliensbachian | 184.2 | |||||||||
| Sinemurian | 192.9 | |||||||||
| Hettangian | 199.5 | |||||||||
| Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | 201.4 | |||||||
| Norian | 208.5 | |||||||||
| Carnian | 227 | |||||||||
| Middle Triassic | Ladinian | 237 | ||||||||
| Anisian | 242 | |||||||||
| Early Triassic | Olenekian | 247.2 | ||||||||
| Induan | 251.2 | |||||||||
| Permian | Lopingian | Changhsingian | 251.902 | |||||||
| Wuchiapingian | Longtanian † | 254.14 | ||||||||
| Guadalupian | Capitanian | 259.51 | ||||||||
| Wordian | 264.28 | |||||||||
| Roadian | 266.9 | |||||||||
| Cisuralian | Kungurian | 273.01 | ||||||||
| Artinskian | 283.5 | |||||||||
| Sakmarian | 290.1 | |||||||||
| Asselian | 293.52 | |||||||||
| Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Gzhelian | 298.9 | |||||||
| Kasimovian | 303.7 | |||||||||
| Moscovian | 307 | |||||||||
| Bashkirian | 315.2 | |||||||||
| Mississippian | Serpukhovian | 323.2 | ||||||||
| Visean | 330.9 | |||||||||
| Tournaisian | 346.7 | |||||||||
| Devonian | Late Devonian | Famennian | 358.9 | |||||||
| Frasnian | 372.2 | |||||||||
| Middle Devonian | Givetian | 382.7 | ||||||||
| Eifelian | 387.7 | |||||||||
| Early Devonian | Emsian | 393.3 | ||||||||
| Pragian | 407.6 | |||||||||
| Lochkovian | 410.8 | |||||||||
| Silurian | Pridoli | 419.2 | ||||||||
| Ludlow | Ludfordian | 423 | ||||||||
| Gorstian | 425.6 | |||||||||
| Wenlock | Homerian | 427.4 | ||||||||
| Sheinwoodian | 430.5 | |||||||||
| Llandovery | Telychian | 433.4 | ||||||||
| Aeronian | 438.5 | |||||||||
| Rhuddanian | 440.8 | |||||||||
| Ordovician | Late Ordovician | Hirnantian | 443.8 | |||||||
| Katian | 445.2 | |||||||||
| Sandbian | 453 | |||||||||
| Middle Ordovician | Darriwilian | 458.4 | ||||||||
| Dapingian | 467.3 | |||||||||
| Early Ordovician | Floian | 470 | ||||||||
| Tremadocian | 477.7 | |||||||||
| Cambrian | Furongian | Stage 10 | 485.4 | |||||||
| Jiangshanian | 489.5 | |||||||||
| Paibian | 494 | |||||||||
| Miaolingian | Guzhangian | Series 3 † | 497 | |||||||
| Drumian | 500.5 | |||||||||
| Wuliuan | Stage 5 † | 504.5 | ||||||||
| 509 | ||||||||||