PBDB Timescale

North American Mammal Subages/Zones

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 13 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1028 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			North American Mammal Subages/Zones			South American Land Mammal Ages		Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Sheridanian			Lujanian		Nihewanian	0.0117
		Chibanian	Sheridanian						0.129
			Cudahyan/Sappan						0.21
						Ensenadan			0.3 *
		Calabrian							0.774
			Senecan/Rexroadian						1.4
						Sanandresian	Uquian †		1.7 *
		Gelasian				Sanandresian			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Vorohuean		Yushean	2.58
		Piacenzian				Chapadmalalan			2.9 *
		Zanclean				Chapadmalalan			3.6
						Montehermosan			3.7 *
			Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian			Montehermosan			4.7
						Huayquerian		Baodean	4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian							5.333
		Tortonian							7.246
						Chasicoan			7.9 *
			Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian			Chasicoan			9.4
						Mayoan			9.9 *
						Laventan			10.9 *
								Tunggurian	11.1
		Serravallian							11.63
			late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian						12.5
						Colloncuran			13.7 *
		Langhian				Colloncuran		Shanwangian	13.82
		Langhian				Friasian			15.4 *
		Burdigalian				Friasian			15.98
						Santacrucian			16.2 *
			Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian						16.3
								Xiejiaan	16.9
						Colhuehuapian			17.4 *
			late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian					18.5
		Aquitanian							20.44
		Aquitanian				Deseadan			20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							23.03
				Monroecreekian					23.1 *
				Geringian					24.7 *
		Rupelian							27.82
						Tinguirirican			28.9 *
									29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian						33.9
			Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian			Divisaderan			35.9 *
									37
		Bartonian							37.71
		Bartonian	Late Uintan/Early Uintan						39.7
		Lutetian							41.2
						Mustersan			41.9 *
			Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian						46.2
		Ypresian							47.8
						Casamayoran			47.9 *
			Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean						50.5
					Cf3/Cf2/Cf1				54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Cf3/Cf2/Cf1	Riochican			56
					Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	Riochican			56.2
						Itaboraian			56.9 *
						Peligran			58.9 *
		Selandian							59.2
		Selandian			To3/To2/To1				60.9
		Danian							61.6
						Tiupampan			62.4 *
					Pu3/Pu2/Pu1	Tiupampan			63.8
									66