North American Mammal Subages/Zones

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

  • M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
  • J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
  • Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
  • A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
  • J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
  • M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
  • F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 13 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1028 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic TimescaleNorth American Mammal Subages/ZonesNeogene Mammal Ages of ChinaNorth American Land Mammal AgesPaleogene Mammal Ages of AsiaMammal Paleogene ZonesEuropean Faunal ZonesEuropean Faunal Units
QuaternaryHoloceneMeghalayanSaintaugustinean0
Santarosean0.0004
Northgrippian0.0042
Greenlandian0.0082
PleistoceneLate PleistoceneSheridanianNihewanian0.0117
Rancholabrean0.014
Chibanian0.129
Cudahyan/SappanIrvingtonian0.21
Calabrian0.774
Senecan/RexroadianBlancan1.4
GelasianMN 171.8
NeogenePliocenePiacenzianYusheanMN 16Villanyian2.58
Ruscinian3.1 *
MN 153.2
Zanclean3.6
MN 144.2
Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early HemphillianHemphillian4.7
BaodeanMN 134.9
MioceneMessinianTurolian5.333
TortonianMN 127.246
MN 117.75
MN 10Vallesian8.7
Late Clarendonian/Early ClarendonianClarendonian9.4
MN 99.7
TunggurianMN 7 + 811.1
SerravallianAstaracian11.63
late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early BarstovianBarstovian12.5
MN 612.8 *
LanghianShanwangianMN 513.82
BurdigalianMN 4Orleanian15.98
Late Hemingfordian/Early HemingfordianHemingfordian16.3
XiejiaanMN 316.9
late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early ArikareeanHarrisonianArikareean18.5
MN 2Agenian20
Aquitanian20.44
MN 122.4
PaleogeneOligoceneChattianTabenbulakianHsandagolianMP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26MP 2523.03
Monroecreekian23.1 *
Geringian24.7 *
RupelianKekeamuanMP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 2127.82
Whitneyan29.5
Orellan31.8
EocenePriabonianLate Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early ChadronianChadronianHouldjinian/Ergilian/UlangochuianMP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A33.9
Duchesnean37
BartonianSharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/ArshantanMP 1637.71
Late Uintan/Early UintanUintan39.7
LutetianMP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 1141.2
Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/GardnerbuttianBridgerian46.2
YpresianBumbanianMP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 747.8
Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/SandcouleeanWasatchian50.5
Cf3/Cf2/Cf1Clarkforkian54.9
PaleoceneThanetianGashatanMP 6MP 1 - 556
Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1Tiffanian56.2
Selandian59.2
To3/To2/To1Torrejonian60.9
Danian61.6
Pu3/Pu2/Pu1Puercan63.8
66