PBDB Timescale

North American Mammal Subages/Zones

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 13 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1028 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Central Paratethys Stages	Ten Million Year Bins	Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Cenozoic 6		0
		Northgrippian							0.0042
		Greenlandian							0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Sheridanian					Nihewanian	0.0117
		Chibanian	Sheridanian						0.129
		Chibanian	Cudahyan/Sappan						0.21
		Calabrian	Cudahyan/Sappan						0.774
		Calabrian	Senecan/Rexroadian						1.4
		Gelasian							1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Yushean	2.58
		Zanclean							3.6
			Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian						4.7
								Baodean	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian							5.333
		Tortonian				Pannonian			7.246
			Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian						9.4
								Tunggurian	11.1
		Serravallian				Sarmatian	Cenozoic 5		11.63
			late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian			Sarmatian			12.5
						Badenian			12.8 *
		Langhian						Shanwangian	13.82
		Burdigalian							15.98
			Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian						16.3
			Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian					Xiejiaan	16.9
			late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian					18.5
		Aquitanian							20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Cenozoic 4		23.03
				Monroecreekian					23.1 *
				Geringian					24.7 *
		Rupelian		Geringian					27.82
		Rupelian							29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian				Cenozoic 3		33.9
		Priabonian							37
		Bartonian							37.71
		Bartonian	Late Uintan/Early Uintan						39.7
		Lutetian	Late Uintan/Early Uintan				Cenozoic 2		41.2
		Lutetian	Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian						46.2
		Ypresian	Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian						47.8
			Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean						50.5
					Cf3/Cf2/Cf1				54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Cf3/Cf2/Cf1		Cenozoic 1		56
		Thanetian			Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1				56.2
		Selandian			Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1				59.2
		Selandian			To3/To2/To1				60.9
		Danian			To3/To2/To1				61.6
		Danian			Pu3/Pu2/Pu1				63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Cretaceous 8		66
		Campanian					Cretaceous 7		72.1
		Santonian					Cretaceous 6		83.6
		Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian							89.8
		Cenomanian					Cretaceous 5		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Cretaceous 4		100.5
		Aptian					Cretaceous 3		113
		Barremian					Cretaceous 2		121.4
		Hauterivian					Cretaceous 2		125.77
		Valanginian					Cretaceous 1		132.6
		Berriasian					Cretaceous 1		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Jurassic 6		145
		Kimmeridgian					Jurassic 5		149.2
		Oxfordian							154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
		Bathonian					Jurassic 4		165.3
		Bajocian					Jurassic 4		168.2
		Aalenian					Jurassic 3		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Jurassic 3		174.7
		Pliensbachian					Jurassic 2		184.2
		Sinemurian					Jurassic 1		192.9
		Hettangian					Jurassic 1		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					Triassic 4		201.4
		Norian					Triassic 4		208.5
		Carnian					Triassic 3		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Triassic 2		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian					Triassic 2		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					Triassic 1		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan					Triassic 1		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Permian 4		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							259.51
		Wordian							264.28
		Roadian					Permian 3		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					Permian 2		273.01
		Artinskian							283.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian				Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Carboniferous 5	298.9
		Kasimovian				Carboniferous 5	303.7
		Moscovian				Carboniferous 4	307
		Bashkirian				Carboniferous 4	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Carboniferous 3	323.2
		Visean				Carboniferous 2	330.9
		Tournaisian				Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Devonian 5	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				Devonian 4	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Devonian 3		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Devonian 3		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Devonian 2		393.3
		Pragian		Devonian 1		407.6
		Lochkovian		Devonian 1		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			Silurian 2		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5	445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5	485.4
		Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4	500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3	509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1	529
									538.8