North American Land Mammal Ages
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
- M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
- M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
- J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
- P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
- J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
There are 13 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
This timescale is used in the definition of 7507 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | North American Land Mammal Ages | Central Paratethys Stages | North American Mammal Subages/Zones | Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe | Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | Saintaugustinean | 0 | |||||||
| Santarosean | 0.0004 | ||||||||||
| Northgrippian | 0.0042 | ||||||||||
| Greenlandian | 0.0082 | ||||||||||
| Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | Sheridanian | Tarantian | 0.0117 | |||||||
| Rancholabrean | 0.014 | ||||||||||
| Chibanian | Ionian | 0.129 | |||||||||
| Irvingtonian | Cudahyan/Sappan | 0.21 | |||||||||
| Calabrian | 0.774 | ||||||||||
| Blancan | Senecan/Rexroadian | 1.4 | |||||||||
| Gelasian | 1.8 | ||||||||||
| Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | 2.58 | ||||||||
| Zanclean | 3.6 | ||||||||||
| Hemphillian | Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian | 4.7 | |||||||||
| Miocene | Messinian | 5.333 | |||||||||
| Tortonian | Pannonian | 7.246 | |||||||||
| Clarendonian | Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian | 9.4 | |||||||||
| Serravallian | Sarmatian | 11.63 | |||||||||
| Barstovian | late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian | 12.5 | |||||||||
| Badenian | 12.8 * | ||||||||||
| Langhian | 13.82 | ||||||||||
| Burdigalian | 15.98 | ||||||||||
| Hemingfordian | Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian | 16.3 | |||||||||
| Arikareean | late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean | Harrisonian | 18.5 | ||||||||
| Aquitanian | 20.44 | ||||||||||
| Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | Tabenbulakian | Hsandagolian | 23.03 | ||||||
| Monroecreekian | 23.1 * | ||||||||||
| Geringian | 24.7 * | ||||||||||
| Rupelian | Kekeamuan | 27.82 | |||||||||
| Whitneyan | 29.5 | ||||||||||
| Orellan | 31.8 | ||||||||||
| Eocene | Priabonian | Chadronian | Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian | Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian | 33.9 | ||||||
| Duchesnean | 37 | ||||||||||
| Bartonian | Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan | 37.71 | |||||||||
| Uintan | Late Uintan/Early Uintan | 39.7 | |||||||||
| Lutetian | 41.2 | ||||||||||
| Bridgerian | Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian | 46.2 | |||||||||
| Ypresian | Bumbanian | 47.8 | |||||||||
| Wasatchian | Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean | 50.5 | |||||||||
| Clarkforkian | Cf3/Cf2/Cf1 | 54.9 | |||||||||
| Paleocene | Thanetian | Gashatan | 56 | ||||||||
| Tiffanian | Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1 | 56.2 | |||||||||
| Selandian | 59.2 | ||||||||||
| Torrejonian | To3/To2/To1 | 60.9 | |||||||||
| Danian | 61.6 | ||||||||||
| Puercan | Pu3/Pu2/Pu1 | 63.8 | |||||||||
| 66 | |||||||||||