PBDB Timescale

North American Land Mammal Ages

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 13 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 7507 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			North American Land Mammal Ages	European Faunal Zones	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Saintaugustinean		Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Meghalayan	Santarosean				0.0004
		Northgrippian					0.0042
		Greenlandian					0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					0.0117
		Late Pleistocene	Rancholabrean				0.014
		Chibanian	Rancholabrean				0.129
			Irvingtonian				0.21
						Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian					0.774
			Blancan				1.4
						Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian		MN 17		Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian		MN 17		Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		MN 16		Mangapanian	2.58
				MN 16		Waipipian	3
				MN 15			3.2
		Zanclean					3.6
						Opoitian	3.7
				MN 14			4.2
			Hemphillian	MN 14			4.7
				MN 13			4.9
	Miocene	Messinian			Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian				Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian		MN 12			7.246
				MN 11			7.75
				MN 10			8.7
			Clarendonian	MN 10			9.4
				MN 9			9.7
				MN 9	Southland	Waiauan	11.04
				MN 7 + 8			11.1
		Serravallian					11.63
			Barstovian				12.5
				MN 6			12.8 *
				MN 6		Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian		MN 5		Lillburnian	13.82
						Clifdenian	15.1
					Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian		MN 4			15.98
			Hemingfordian	MN 4			16.3
			Hemingfordian	MN 3			16.9
			Arikareean				18.5
						Otaian	18.7
				MN 2			20
		Aquitanian					20.44
					Landon	Waitakian	21.7
				MN 1			22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					23.03
						Duntroonian	25.2
						Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian					27.82
			Whitneyan				29.5
			Orellan				31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Chadronian				33.9
					Arnold	Runangan	34.6
						Kaiatan	36.7
			Duchesnean				37
		Bartonian					37.71
						Bortonian	39.1
			Uintan				39.7
		Lutetian					41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
						Heretaungan	45.7
			Bridgerian				46.2
		Ypresian					47.8
						Mangaorapan	48.9
			Wasatchian			Mangaorapan	50.5
			Wasatchian			Waipawan	52
			Clarkforkian			Waipawan	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Clarkforkian			Teurian	56
		Thanetian	Tiffanian				56.2
		Selandian	Tiffanian				59.2
		Selandian	Torrejonian				60.9
		Danian	Torrejonian				61.6
		Danian	Puercan				63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian				Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian				Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian					89.8
						Mangaotanean	90.5
						Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian				Arowhanan	93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
						Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Motuan	100.5
						Urutawan	103.3
					Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian				Korangan	113
		Aptian					117.5
		Barremian					121.4
		Hauterivian					125.77
		Valanginian					132.6
		Berriasian					139.8
							145