PBDB Timescale

North American Land Mammal Ages

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 13 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 7507 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			North American Land Mammal Ages	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		European Faunal Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Saintaugustinean	Wanganui	Haweran		0
		Meghalayan	Santarosean				0.0004
		Northgrippian					0.0042
		Greenlandian					0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					0.0117
		Late Pleistocene	Rancholabrean				0.014
		Chibanian	Rancholabrean				0.129
			Irvingtonian				0.21
					Castlecliffian		0.34
		Calabrian					0.774
			Blancan				1.4
					Nukumaruan		1.63
		Gelasian			Nukumaruan		1.8
		Gelasian			Mangapanian		2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Mangapanian	Villanyian	2.58
					Waipipian	Villanyian	3
						Ruscinian	3.1 *
		Zanclean					3.6
					Opoitian		3.7
			Hemphillian		Opoitian		4.7
	Miocene	Messinian		Taranaki	Kapitean	Turolian	5.333
		Messinian			Tongaporutuan		7.2
		Tortonian					7.246
						Vallesian	8.7
			Clarendonian				9.4
				Southland	Waiauan		11.04
		Serravallian				Astaracian	11.63
			Barstovian				12.5
					Lillburnian		13.05
		Langhian			Lillburnian		13.82
					Clifdenian		15.1
				Pareora	Altonian		15.9
		Burdigalian				Orleanian	15.98
			Hemingfordian				16.3
			Arikareean				18.5
					Otaian		18.7
						Agenian	20
		Aquitanian					20.44
		Aquitanian		Landon	Waitakian		21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Waitakian		23.03
					Duntroonian		25.2
					Whaingaroan		27.3
		Rupelian					27.82
			Whitneyan				29.5
			Orellan				31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Chadronian				33.9
				Arnold	Runangan		34.6
					Kaiatan		36.7
			Duchesnean				37
		Bartonian					37.71
					Bortonian		39.1
			Uintan				39.7
		Lutetian					41.2
				Dannevirke	Porangan		42.6
					Heretaungan		45.7
			Bridgerian				46.2
		Ypresian					47.8
					Mangaorapan		48.9
			Wasatchian		Mangaorapan		50.5
			Wasatchian		Waipawan		52
			Clarkforkian		Waipawan		54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Clarkforkian		Teurian		56
		Thanetian	Tiffanian				56.2
		Selandian	Tiffanian				59.2
		Selandian	Torrejonian				60.9
		Danian	Torrejonian				61.6
		Danian	Puercan				63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian		66
		Campanian			Haumurian		72.1
		Santonian			Piripauan		83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
		Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian					89.8
					Mangaotanean		90.5
					Arowhanan		93.7
		Cenomanian			Arowhanan		93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
					Motuan		99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan		100.5
					Urutawan		103.3
				Taitai	Korangan		108.4
		Aptian			Korangan		113
		Aptian					117.5
		Barremian					121.4
		Hauterivian					125.77
		Valanginian					132.6
		Berriasian					139.8
							145