PBDB Timescale

North American Land Mammal Ages

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following source:

A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 13 timescales which overlap this one. show

This timescale is used in the definition of 7507 collections

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			North American Land Mammal Ages	Ten Million Year Bins
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Saintaugustinean	Cenozoic 6	0
		Meghalayan	Santarosean		0.0004
		Northgrippian			0.0042
		Greenlandian			0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			0.0117
		Late Pleistocene	Rancholabrean		0.014
		Chibanian	Rancholabrean		0.129
		Chibanian	Irvingtonian		0.21
		Calabrian	Irvingtonian		0.774
		Calabrian	Blancan		1.4
		Gelasian			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			2.58
		Zanclean			3.6
		Zanclean	Hemphillian		4.7
	Miocene	Messinian			5.333
		Tortonian			7.246
		Tortonian	Clarendonian		9.4
		Serravallian	Clarendonian	Cenozoic 5	11.63
		Serravallian	Barstovian		12.5
		Langhian			13.82
		Burdigalian			15.98
			Hemingfordian		16.3
			Arikareean		18.5
		Aquitanian			20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Cenozoic 4	23.03
		Rupelian			27.82
			Whitneyan		29.5
			Orellan		31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Chadronian	Cenozoic 3	33.9
		Priabonian	Duchesnean		37
		Bartonian	Duchesnean		37.71
		Bartonian	Uintan		39.7
		Lutetian	Uintan	Cenozoic 2	41.2
		Lutetian	Bridgerian		46.2
		Ypresian	Bridgerian		47.8
			Wasatchian		50.5
			Clarkforkian		54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Clarkforkian	Cenozoic 1	56
		Thanetian	Tiffanian		56.2
		Selandian	Tiffanian		59.2
		Selandian	Torrejonian		60.9
		Danian	Torrejonian		61.6
		Danian	Puercan		63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Cretaceous 8	66
		Campanian		Cretaceous 7	72.1
		Santonian		Cretaceous 6	83.6
		Coniacian			86.3
		Turonian			89.8
		Cenomanian		Cretaceous 5	93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Cretaceous 4	100.5
		Aptian		Cretaceous 3	113
		Barremian		Cretaceous 2	121.4
		Hauterivian		Cretaceous 2	125.77
		Valanginian		Cretaceous 1	132.6
		Berriasian		Cretaceous 1	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Jurassic 6	145
		Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5	149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian		Jurassic 4	165.3
		Bajocian		Jurassic 4	168.2
		Aalenian		Jurassic 3	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Jurassic 3	174.7
		Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2	184.2
		Sinemurian		Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian		Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian		Triassic 4	208.5
		Carnian		Triassic 3	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		Triassic 2	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		Triassic 1	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian		Permian 3	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2	273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian		Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5	298.9
		Kasimovian		Carboniferous 5	303.7
		Moscovian		Carboniferous 4	307
		Bashkirian		Carboniferous 4	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3	323.2
		Visean		Carboniferous 2	330.9
		Tournaisian		Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Devonian 5	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Devonian 4	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Devonian 3	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Devonian 3	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian		Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian		Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			Silurian 2	419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian		Ordovician 5	445.2
		Sandbian		Ordovician 4	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5	485.4
		Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4	500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3	509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1	529
					538.8