Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
- F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
- J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
- A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
There are 7 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 269 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe | South American Land Mammal Ages | North American Land Mammal Ages | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | Saintaugustinean | 0 | |||
| Santarosean | 0.0004 | ||||||
| Northgrippian | 0.0042 | ||||||
| Greenlandian | 0.0082 | ||||||
| Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | Tarantian | Lujanian | 0.0117 | |||
| Rancholabrean | 0.014 | ||||||
| Chibanian | Ionian | 0.129 | |||||
| Irvingtonian | 0.21 | ||||||
| Ensenadan | 0.3 * | ||||||
| Calabrian | 0.774 | ||||||
| Blancan | 1.4 | ||||||
| Sanandresian | Uquian † | 1.7 * | |||||
| Gelasian | 1.8 | ||||||
| Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | Vorohuean | 2.58 | |||
| Chapadmalalan | 2.9 * | ||||||
| Zanclean | 3.6 | ||||||
| Montehermosan | 3.7 * | ||||||
| Hemphillian | 4.7 | ||||||
| Huayquerian | 4.9 * | ||||||
| Miocene | Messinian | 5.333 | |||||
| Tortonian | 7.246 | ||||||
| Chasicoan | 7.9 * | ||||||
| Clarendonian | 9.4 | ||||||
| Mayoan | 9.9 * | ||||||
| Laventan | 10.9 * | ||||||
| Serravallian | 11.63 | ||||||
| Barstovian | 12.5 | ||||||
| Colloncuran | 13.7 * | ||||||
| Langhian | 13.82 | ||||||
| Friasian | 15.4 * | ||||||
| Burdigalian | 15.98 | ||||||
| Santacrucian | 16.2 * | ||||||
| Hemingfordian | 16.3 | ||||||
| Colhuehuapian | 17.4 * | ||||||
| Arikareean | 18.5 | ||||||
| Aquitanian | 20.44 | ||||||
| Deseadan | 20.9 * | ||||||
| Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | 23.03 | ||||
| Rupelian | 27.82 | ||||||
| Tinguirirican | 28.9 * | ||||||
| Whitneyan | 29.5 | ||||||
| Orellan | 31.8 | ||||||
| Eocene | Priabonian | Chadronian | 33.9 | ||||
| Divisaderan | 35.9 * | ||||||
| Duchesnean | 37 | ||||||
| Bartonian | 37.71 | ||||||
| Uintan | 39.7 | ||||||
| Lutetian | 41.2 | ||||||
| Mustersan | 41.9 * | ||||||
| Bridgerian | 46.2 | ||||||
| Ypresian | 47.8 | ||||||
| Casamayoran | 47.9 * | ||||||
| Wasatchian | 50.5 | ||||||
| Clarkforkian | 54.9 | ||||||
| Paleocene | Thanetian | Riochican | 56 | ||||
| Tiffanian | 56.2 | ||||||
| Itaboraian | 56.9 * | ||||||
| Peligran | 58.9 * | ||||||
| Selandian | 59.2 | ||||||
| Torrejonian | 60.9 | ||||||
| Danian | 61.6 | ||||||
| Tiupampan | 62.4 * | ||||||
| Puercan | 63.8 | ||||||
| 66 | |||||||