PBDB Timescale

Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 7 timescales which overlap this one. show

This timescale is used in the definition of 269 collections

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Northgrippian				0.0042
		Greenlandian				0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Tarantian			0.0117
		Chibanian	Ionian			0.129
		Chibanian	Ionian		Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian			Castlecliffian	0.774
		Calabrian			Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian			Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian			Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Mangapanian	2.58
		Piacenzian			Waipipian	3
		Zanclean			Waipipian	3.6
		Zanclean			Opoitian	3.7
	Miocene	Messinian		Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian			Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian			Tongaporutuan	7.246
		Tortonian		Southland	Waiauan	11.04
		Serravallian			Waiauan	11.63
		Serravallian			Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian			Lillburnian	13.82
					Clifdenian	15.1
				Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian			Altonian	15.98
		Burdigalian			Otaian	18.7
		Aquitanian			Otaian	20.44
		Aquitanian		Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Waitakian	23.03
					Duntroonian	25.2
					Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				33.9
				Arnold	Runangan	34.6
					Kaiatan	36.7
		Bartonian			Kaiatan	37.71
		Bartonian			Bortonian	39.1
		Lutetian			Bortonian	41.2
				Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
					Heretaungan	45.7
		Ypresian			Heretaungan	47.8
					Mangaorapan	48.9
					Waipawan	52
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Teurian	56
		Selandian				59.2
		Danian				61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian			Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian			Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian				86.3
		Turonian				89.8
					Mangaotanean	90.5
					Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian			Arowhanan	93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
					Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan	100.5
					Urutawan	103.3
				Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian			Korangan	113
		Aptian				117.5
		Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian				139.8
						145