PBDB Timescale

European Faunal Zones

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

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Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1175 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			European Faunal Zones	North American Land Mammal Ages	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Saintaugustinean	Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Meghalayan		Santarosean			0.0004
		Northgrippian					0.0042
		Greenlandian					0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					0.0117
		Late Pleistocene		Rancholabrean			0.014
		Chibanian		Rancholabrean			0.129
				Irvingtonian			0.21
						Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian					0.774
				Blancan			1.4
						Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian	MN 17			Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian	MN 17			Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	MN 16			Mangapanian	2.58
			MN 16			Waipipian	3
			MN 15				3.2
		Zanclean					3.6
						Opoitian	3.7
			MN 14				4.2
			MN 14	Hemphillian			4.7
			MN 13				4.9
	Miocene	Messinian			Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian				Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian	MN 12				7.246
			MN 11				7.75
			MN 10				8.7
			MN 10	Clarendonian			9.4
			MN 9				9.7
			MN 9		Southland	Waiauan	11.04
			MN 7 + 8				11.1
		Serravallian					11.63
				Barstovian			12.5
			MN 6				12.8 *
			MN 6			Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian	MN 5			Lillburnian	13.82
						Clifdenian	15.1
					Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian	MN 4				15.98
			MN 4	Hemingfordian			16.3
			MN 3	Hemingfordian			16.9
				Arikareean			18.5
						Otaian	18.7
			MN 2				20
		Aquitanian					20.44
					Landon	Waitakian	21.7
			MN 1				22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					23.03
						Duntroonian	25.2
						Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian					27.82
				Whitneyan			29.5
				Orellan			31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian		Chadronian			33.9
					Arnold	Runangan	34.6
						Kaiatan	36.7
				Duchesnean			37
		Bartonian					37.71
						Bortonian	39.1
				Uintan			39.7
		Lutetian					41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
						Heretaungan	45.7
				Bridgerian			46.2
		Ypresian					47.8
						Mangaorapan	48.9
				Wasatchian		Mangaorapan	50.5
				Wasatchian		Waipawan	52
				Clarkforkian		Waipawan	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Clarkforkian		Teurian	56
		Thanetian		Tiffanian			56.2
		Selandian		Tiffanian			59.2
		Selandian		Torrejonian			60.9
		Danian		Torrejonian			61.6
		Danian		Puercan			63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian				Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian				Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian					89.8
						Mangaotanean	90.5
						Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian				Arowhanan	93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
						Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Motuan	100.5
						Urutawan	103.3
					Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian				Korangan	113
		Aptian					117.5
		Barremian					121.4
		Hauterivian					125.77
		Valanginian					132.6
		Berriasian					139.8
							145