PBDB Timescale

European Faunal Zones

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 10 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1175 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			European Faunal Zones	Ten Million Year Bins	Cenozoic Subepochs	European Faunal Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Cenozoic 6			0
		Northgrippian					0.0042
		Greenlandian					0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene		0.0117
		Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene		0.129
		Calabrian			Early Pleistocene		0.774
		Gelasian	MN 17		Early Pleistocene		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	MN 16		Late Pliocene	Villanyian	2.58
			MN 16			Ruscinian	3.1 *
			MN 15				3.2
		Zanclean	MN 15		Early Pliocene		3.6
			MN 14				4.2
			MN 13				4.9
	Miocene	Messinian	MN 13		Late Miocene	Turolian	5.333
		Tortonian	MN 12				7.246
			MN 11				7.75
			MN 10			Vallesian	8.7
			MN 9				9.7
			MN 7 + 8				11.1
		Serravallian	MN 7 + 8	Cenozoic 5	Middle Miocene	Astaracian	11.63
		Serravallian	MN 6				12.8 *
		Langhian	MN 5				13.82
		Burdigalian	MN 4		Early Miocene	Orleanian	15.98
			MN 3			Orleanian	16.9
			MN 2			Agenian	20
		Aquitanian	MN 2				20.44
		Aquitanian	MN 1				22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Cenozoic 4	Late Oligocene		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian		Cenozoic 4	Early Oligocene		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian		Cenozoic 3	Late Eocene		33.9
		Bartonian		Cenozoic 3	Middle Eocene		37.71
		Lutetian		Cenozoic 2	Middle Eocene		41.2
		Ypresian		Cenozoic 2	Early Eocene		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Cenozoic 1	Late Paleocene		56
		Selandian			Middle Paleocene		59.2
		Danian			Early Paleocene		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Cretaceous 8			66
		Campanian		Cretaceous 7			72.1
		Santonian		Cretaceous 6			83.6
		Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian					89.8
		Cenomanian		Cretaceous 5			93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Cretaceous 4			100.5
		Aptian		Cretaceous 3			113
		Barremian		Cretaceous 2			121.4
		Hauterivian		Cretaceous 2			125.77
		Valanginian		Cretaceous 1			132.6
		Berriasian		Cretaceous 1			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Jurassic 6			145
		Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5			149.2
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian		Jurassic 4			165.3
		Bajocian		Jurassic 4			168.2
		Aalenian		Jurassic 3			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Jurassic 3			174.7
		Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2			184.2
		Sinemurian		Jurassic 1			192.9
		Hettangian		Jurassic 1			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4			201.4
		Norian		Triassic 4			208.5
		Carnian		Triassic 3			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		Triassic 2			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		Triassic 1			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian					264.28
		Roadian		Permian 3			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2			273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian		Permian 1			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5			298.9
		Kasimovian		Carboniferous 5			303.7
		Moscovian		Carboniferous 4			307
		Bashkirian		Carboniferous 4			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3			323.2
		Visean		Carboniferous 2			330.9
		Tournaisian		Carboniferous 1			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Devonian 5			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Devonian 4			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Devonian 3			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Devonian 3			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Devonian 2			393.3
		Pragian		Devonian 1			407.6
		Lochkovian		Devonian 1			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			Silurian 2			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5	445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5	485.4
		Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4	500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3	509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1	529
							538.8