PBDB Timescale

European Faunal Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 10 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 612 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			European Faunal Units	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		North American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Wanganui	Haweran	Saintaugustinean	0
		Meghalayan				Santarosean	0.0004
		Northgrippian					0.0042
		Greenlandian					0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					0.0117
		Late Pleistocene				Rancholabrean	0.014
		Chibanian				Rancholabrean	0.129
						Irvingtonian	0.21
					Castlecliffian		0.34
		Calabrian					0.774
						Blancan	1.4
					Nukumaruan		1.63
		Gelasian			Nukumaruan		1.8
		Gelasian			Mangapanian		2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Villanyian		Mangapanian		2.58
			Villanyian		Waipipian		3
			Ruscinian				3.1 *
		Zanclean					3.6
					Opoitian		3.7
					Opoitian	Hemphillian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Turolian	Taranaki	Kapitean		5.333
		Messinian			Tongaporutuan		7.2
		Tortonian					7.246
			Vallesian				8.7
						Clarendonian	9.4
				Southland	Waiauan		11.04
		Serravallian	Astaracian				11.63
						Barstovian	12.5
					Lillburnian		13.05
		Langhian			Lillburnian		13.82
					Clifdenian		15.1
				Pareora	Altonian		15.9
		Burdigalian	Orleanian				15.98
						Hemingfordian	16.3
						Arikareean	18.5
					Otaian		18.7
			Agenian				20
		Aquitanian					20.44
		Aquitanian		Landon	Waitakian		21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Waitakian		23.03
					Duntroonian		25.2
					Whaingaroan		27.3
		Rupelian					27.82
						Whitneyan	29.5
						Orellan	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian				Chadronian	33.9
				Arnold	Runangan		34.6
					Kaiatan		36.7
						Duchesnean	37
		Bartonian					37.71
					Bortonian		39.1
						Uintan	39.7
		Lutetian					41.2
				Dannevirke	Porangan		42.6
					Heretaungan		45.7
						Bridgerian	46.2
		Ypresian					47.8
					Mangaorapan		48.9
					Mangaorapan	Wasatchian	50.5
					Waipawan	Wasatchian	52
					Waipawan	Clarkforkian	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Teurian	Clarkforkian	56
		Thanetian				Tiffanian	56.2
		Selandian				Tiffanian	59.2
		Selandian				Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian				Torrejonian	61.6
		Danian				Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian		66
		Campanian			Haumurian		72.1
		Santonian			Piripauan		83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
		Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian					89.8
					Mangaotanean		90.5
					Arowhanan		93.7
		Cenomanian			Arowhanan		93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
					Motuan		99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan		100.5
					Urutawan		103.3
				Taitai	Korangan		108.4
		Aptian			Korangan		113
		Aptian					117.5
		Barremian					121.4
		Hauterivian					125.77
		Valanginian					132.6
		Berriasian					139.8
							145