PBDB Timescale

European Faunal Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view

There are 10 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 612 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			European Faunal Units	Cenozoic Subepochs	South American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Late Pleistocene	Lujanian		0.0117
		Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene	Lujanian		0.129
		Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene	Ensenadan		0.3 *
		Calabrian		Early Pleistocene	Ensenadan		0.774
		Calabrian			Sanandresian	Uquian †	1.7 *
		Gelasian			Sanandresian		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Villanyian	Late Pliocene	Vorohuean		2.58
			Villanyian		Chapadmalalan		2.9 *
			Ruscinian				3.1 *
		Zanclean		Early Pliocene			3.6
					Montehermosan		3.7 *
					Huayquerian		4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian	Turolian	Late Miocene			5.333
		Tortonian					7.246
					Chasicoan		7.9 *
			Vallesian		Chasicoan		8.7
					Mayoan		9.9 *
					Laventan		10.9 *
		Serravallian	Astaracian	Middle Miocene	Laventan		11.63
		Serravallian			Colloncuran		13.7 *
		Langhian			Colloncuran		13.82
		Langhian			Friasian		15.4 *
		Burdigalian	Orleanian	Early Miocene	Friasian		15.98
					Santacrucian		16.2 *
					Colhuehuapian		17.4 *
			Agenian				20
		Aquitanian					20.44
		Aquitanian			Deseadan		20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Late Oligocene			23.03
		Rupelian		Early Oligocene			27.82
		Rupelian		Early Oligocene	Tinguirirican		28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian		Late Eocene	Tinguirirican		33.9
		Priabonian		Late Eocene	Divisaderan		35.9 *
		Bartonian		Middle Eocene			37.71
		Lutetian					41.2
		Lutetian			Mustersan		41.9 *
		Ypresian		Early Eocene	Mustersan		47.8
		Ypresian		Early Eocene	Casamayoran		47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Late Paleocene	Riochican		56
					Itaboraian		56.9 *
					Peligran		58.9 *
		Selandian		Middle Paleocene			59.2
		Danian		Early Paleocene			61.6
		Danian		Early Paleocene	Tiupampan		62.4 *
							66