PBDB Timescale

European Faunal Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

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Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 612 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			European Faunal Units	Cenozoic Subepochs	Central Paratethys Stages	Ten Million Year Bins
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Cenozoic 6	0
		Northgrippian					0.0042
		Greenlandian					0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Late Pleistocene			0.0117
		Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene			0.129
		Calabrian		Early Pleistocene			0.774
		Gelasian		Early Pleistocene			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Villanyian	Late Pliocene			2.58
		Piacenzian	Ruscinian	Late Pliocene			3.1 *
		Zanclean	Ruscinian	Early Pliocene			3.6
	Miocene	Messinian	Turolian	Late Miocene			5.333
		Tortonian	Turolian		Pannonian		7.246
		Tortonian	Vallesian		Pannonian		8.7
		Serravallian	Astaracian	Middle Miocene	Sarmatian	Cenozoic 5	11.63
		Serravallian			Badenian		12.8 *
		Langhian					13.82
		Burdigalian	Orleanian	Early Miocene			15.98
		Burdigalian	Agenian				20
		Aquitanian	Agenian				20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Late Oligocene		Cenozoic 4	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian		Early Oligocene		Cenozoic 4	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian		Late Eocene		Cenozoic 3	33.9
		Bartonian		Middle Eocene		Cenozoic 3	37.71
		Lutetian		Middle Eocene		Cenozoic 2	41.2
		Ypresian		Early Eocene		Cenozoic 2	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Late Paleocene		Cenozoic 1	56
		Selandian		Middle Paleocene			59.2
		Danian		Early Paleocene			61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Cretaceous 8	66
		Campanian				Cretaceous 7	72.1
		Santonian				Cretaceous 6	83.6
		Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian					89.8
		Cenomanian				Cretaceous 5	93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Cretaceous 4	100.5
		Aptian				Cretaceous 3	113
		Barremian				Cretaceous 2	121.4
		Hauterivian				Cretaceous 2	125.77
		Valanginian				Cretaceous 1	132.6
		Berriasian				Cretaceous 1	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Jurassic 6	145
		Kimmeridgian				Jurassic 5	149.2
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian				Jurassic 4	165.3
		Bajocian				Jurassic 4	168.2
		Aalenian				Jurassic 3	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Jurassic 3	174.7
		Pliensbachian				Jurassic 2	184.2
		Sinemurian				Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian				Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian				Triassic 4	208.5
		Carnian				Triassic 3	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Triassic 2	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				Triassic 2	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Triassic 1	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				Triassic 1	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Permian 4	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian					264.28
		Roadian				Permian 3	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Permian 2	273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian				Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Carboniferous 5	298.9
		Kasimovian				Carboniferous 5	303.7
		Moscovian				Carboniferous 4	307
		Bashkirian				Carboniferous 4	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Carboniferous 3	323.2
		Visean				Carboniferous 2	330.9
		Tournaisian				Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Devonian 5	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				Devonian 4	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Devonian 3	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Devonian 3	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian			Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian			Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Silurian 2	419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1		433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5		443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5		445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5	485.4
		Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4	500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3	509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1	529
							538.8