PBDB Timescale

Cambrian Epochs

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view

There are 12 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 594 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian Epochs	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Cambrian of Siberia			Ordovician of North America						Ordovician of Britain		Cambrian of Britain		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																		3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																		5.333
		Tortonian																		7.246
		Serravallian																		11.63
		Langhian																		13.82
		Burdigalian																		15.98
		Aquitanian																		20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																		33.9
		Bartonian																		37.71
		Lutetian																		41.2
		Ypresian																		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																		56
		Selandian																		59.2
		Danian																		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																		66
		Campanian																		72.1
		Santonian																		83.6
		Coniacian																		86.3
		Turonian																		89.8
		Cenomanian																		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																		100.5
		Aptian																		113
		Barremian																		121.4
		Hauterivian																		125.77
		Valanginian																		132.6
		Berriasian																		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																		145
		Kimmeridgian																		149.2
		Oxfordian																		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
		Bathonian																		165.3
		Bajocian																		168.2
		Aalenian																		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																		174.7
		Pliensbachian																		184.2
		Sinemurian																		192.9
		Hettangian																		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																		201.4
		Norian																		208.5
		Carnian																		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																	Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian																		259.51
		Wordian																		264.28
		Roadian																		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																		273.01
		Artinskian																		283.5
		Sakmarian																		290.1
		Asselian																		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																		298.9
		Kasimovian																		303.7
		Moscovian																		307
		Bashkirian																		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian																		323.2
		Visean																		330.9
		Tournaisian																		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian																		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian		Gamachian		Rawtheyan	445.2
				Richmondian		Rawtheyan	446 *
						Cautleyan	448.9 *
						Pusgillian	449.3 *
					Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
				Maysvillian				Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
				Edenian					450.4 *
			Mohawkian	Chatfieldian					451.1 *
						Cheneyan			451.5 *
						Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian							453
							Actonian †		453.2 *
				Turinian			Actonian †		453.7 *
							Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
							Longvillian †			455.2 *
						Aurelucian				456.8 *
			Whiterockian					Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
							Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					458.4
		Darriwilian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					461.3 *
		Dapingian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					467.3
					Arenig	Fennian					468.4 *
				Rangerian							469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian	Blackhillsian						Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
				Blackhillsian		Whitlandian						471.1 *
				Tulean		Whitlandian						473.9 *
						Moridunian						474.3 *
		Tremadocian			Ungurian	Tremadoc						Migneintian	477.7
				Stairsian								Migneintian	480.3 *
				Stairsian								Cressagian	480.8 *
				Skullrockian							Demingian †		482 *
													Mansian †	483.55 *
													Mansian †	485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Late Cambrian			Batyrbaian		Batyrbaian	Tavgian †		Ketyan †/Yurakian		Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
																Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	487.5
																Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian															489.5
								Aksaian		Aksaian							490.7 *
								Sakian		Sakian							492.2 *
																Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian															494
		Paibian											Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian				494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Middle Cambrian			Ayusokkanian		Ayusokkanian					St Davids		Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian								Mayan/Menevian								499.5
		Drumian						Zhanaarykian										500.5
		Drumian						Tuesaian										503
		Wuliuan						Tuesaian		Amgan/Solvan								Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan																Stage 5 †	505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4			Early Cambrian										Caerfai				509
								Toyonian		Toyonian	Lenian †								510 *
								Botomian		Botomian									512.5 *
		Stage 3						Botomian		Botomian									514
		Stage 3						Atdabanian		Atdabanian									515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Tommotian		Tommotian									521
		Stage 2								Nemakit-Daldynian									525.5
		Fortunian								Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †								529
																				538.8