PBDB Timescale

Cambrian Epochs

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view

There are 12 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 594 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian Epochs	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Ordovician of North America						Cambrian of Siberia			Ordovician of the Baltic				Cambrian of Australia	Ordovician of Britain			Cambrian of Britain		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																						Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																								3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																								5.333
		Tortonian																								7.246
		Serravallian																								11.63
		Langhian																								13.82
		Burdigalian																								15.98
		Aquitanian																								20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																								23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																								27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																								33.9
		Bartonian																								37.71
		Lutetian																								41.2
		Ypresian																								47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																								56
		Selandian																								59.2
		Danian																								61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																								66
		Campanian																								72.1
		Santonian																								83.6
		Coniacian																								86.3
		Turonian																								89.8
		Cenomanian																								93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																								100.5
		Aptian																								113
		Barremian																								121.4
		Hauterivian																								125.77
		Valanginian																								132.6
		Berriasian																								139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																								145
		Kimmeridgian																								149.2
		Oxfordian																								154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																								161.5
		Bathonian																								165.3
		Bajocian																								168.2
		Aalenian																								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																								174.7
		Pliensbachian																								184.2
		Sinemurian																								192.9
		Hettangian																								199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																								201.4
		Norian																								208.5
		Carnian																								227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																								237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																								242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																								247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																								251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																								251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																							Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian																								259.51
		Wordian																								264.28
		Roadian																								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																								273.01
		Artinskian																								283.5
		Sakmarian																								290.1
		Asselian																								293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																								298.9
		Kasimovian																								303.7
		Moscovian																								307
		Bashkirian																								315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian																								323.2
		Visean																								330.9
		Tournaisian																								346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian																								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Harju	Porkuni	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian		Gamachian		Pirgu		Rawtheyan	445.2
				Richmondian				Rawtheyan	446 *
								Cautleyan	448.9 *
								Pusgillian	449.3 *
						Vormsi	Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
				Maysvillian		Vormsi				Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
				Maysvillian		Nabala					Johvi †	450 *
				Edenian		Nabala						450.4 *
				Edenian	Viru	Rakvere						450.6 *
			Mohawkian	Chatfieldian								451.1 *
								Cheneyan				451.5 *
						Oandu		Cheneyan				452 *
						Oandu		Burrellian				452.7 *
		Sandbian				Keila					Idavere †	453
									Actonian †			453.2 *
				Turinian								453.7 *
						Haljala						453.9
									Marshbrookian †			Woolstonian †	454.2 *
									Longvillian †				455.2 *
						Kukruse							456.4 *
								Aurelucian					456.8 *
			Whiterockian							Canadian †			Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
									Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian					457.4 *
						Uhaku			Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		Aluoja †			457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Uhaku	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn						458.4
						Lasnamagi								458.9 *
						Aseri								460.4 *
						Aseri		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						461.3 *
					Oeland	Kunda								462.9 *
						Kunda					Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
						Volkhov								Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian													467.3
							Arenig	Fennian							468.4 *
				Rangerian											469.1 *
				Rangerian		Billingen									469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian	Blackhillsian									Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
											Latorp †					470.1 *
								Whitlandian								471.1 *
						Hunneberg										473.7 *
				Tulean												473.9 *
								Moridunian								474.3 *
		Tremadocian					Ungurian	Tremadoc								Migneintian	477.7
				Stairsian												Migneintian	480.3 *
																Cressagian	480.8 *
						Varangu											481.3 *
				Skullrockian		Varangu									Demingian †		482 *
						Pakerort											482.2 *
																	Mansian †	483.55 *
																	Mansian †	485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Late Cambrian			Batyrbaian							Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Datsonian	Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
																							486.3 *
																							486.5
																				Payntonian			486.8 *
																							487.5
																						Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian																		Iverian			489.5
										Aksaian							Aksaian						490.7 *
										Sakian							Sakian						492.2 *
																						Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian																		Idamean			494
		Paibian																	Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	Idamean			494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Middle Cambrian			Ayusokkanian							Ayusokkanian			Mindyallan	St Davids		Series 3 †	497
										Ayusokkanian							Ayusokkanian			Boomerangian				499
																	Mayan/Menevian			Boomerangian				499.5
		Drumian								Zhanaarykian										Undillan				500.5
		Drumian								Tuesaian										Floran				503
		Wuliuan								Tuesaian							Amgan/Solvan			Templetonian				Stage 5 †	504.5
																				Templetonian					505.3
																				Ordian					507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4					Early Cambrian														Caerfai				509
										Toyonian							Toyonian	Lenian †							510 *
										Toyonian							Toyonian								510.8 *
										Botomian							Botomian								512.5 *
		Stage 3								Botomian							Botomian								514
		Stage 3								Atdabanian							Atdabanian								515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								Tommotian							Tommotian								521
		Stage 2															Nemakit-Daldynian								525.5
		Fortunian															Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †							529
																										538.8