PBDB Timescale

Cambrian Epochs

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view

There are 12 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 594 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian Epochs	Cambrian of Siberia			Cambrian of China		Cambrian of Britain		Ordovician of the Baltic				Cambrian of Australia	Ordovician of Britain						Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																				Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																						3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																						5.333
		Tortonian																						7.246
		Serravallian																						11.63
		Langhian																						13.82
		Burdigalian																						15.98
		Aquitanian																						20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																						23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																						27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																						33.9
		Bartonian																						37.71
		Lutetian																						41.2
		Ypresian																						47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																						56
		Selandian																						59.2
		Danian																						61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																						66
		Campanian																						72.1
		Santonian																						83.6
		Coniacian																						86.3
		Turonian																						89.8
		Cenomanian																						93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																						100.5
		Aptian																						113
		Barremian																						121.4
		Hauterivian																						125.77
		Valanginian																						132.6
		Berriasian																						139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																						145
		Kimmeridgian																						149.2
		Oxfordian																						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																						161.5
		Bathonian																						165.3
		Bajocian																						168.2
		Aalenian																						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																						174.7
		Pliensbachian																						184.2
		Sinemurian																						192.9
		Hettangian																						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																						201.4
		Norian																						208.5
		Carnian																						227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																						237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																						242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																						247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																						251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																						251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																					Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian																						259.51
		Wordian																						264.28
		Roadian																						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																						273.01
		Artinskian																						283.5
		Sakmarian																						290.1
		Asselian																						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																						298.9
		Kasimovian																						303.7
		Moscovian																						307
		Bashkirian																						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian																						323.2
		Visean																						330.9
		Tournaisian																						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian																						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Harju	Porkuni	Ashgill	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian		Pirgu		Rawtheyan		Gamachian	445.2
						Rawtheyan		Richmondian	446 *
						Cautleyan			448.9 *
						Pusgillian			449.3 *
				Vormsi	Caradoc	Streffordian			Onnian †	449.6 *
				Vormsi				Maysvillian		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
				Nabala				Maysvillian			Johvi †	450 *
				Nabala				Edenian				450.4 *
			Viru	Rakvere				Edenian				450.6 *
							Mohawkian	Chatfieldian				451.1 *
						Cheneyan						451.5 *
				Oandu		Cheneyan						452 *
				Oandu		Burrellian						452.7 *
		Sandbian		Keila							Idavere †	453
									Actonian †			453.2 *
								Turinian				453.7 *
				Haljala								453.9
									Marshbrookian †			Woolstonian †	454.2 *
									Longvillian †				455.2 *
				Kukruse									456.4 *
						Aurelucian							456.8 *
							Whiterockian			Canadian †			Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
									Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian					457.4 *
				Uhaku					Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		Aluoja †			457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Uhaku	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn								458.4
				Lasnamagi										458.9 *
				Aseri										460.4 *
				Aseri		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn								461.3 *
			Oeland	Kunda										462.9 *
				Kunda							Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
				Volkhov										Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian													467.3
					Arenig	Fennian									468.4 *
								Rangerian							469.1 *
				Billingen				Rangerian							469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Ibexian	Blackhillsian					Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
											Latorp †					470.1 *
						Whitlandian										471.1 *
				Hunneberg												473.7 *
								Tulean								473.9 *
						Moridunian										474.3 *
		Tremadocian			Tremadoc	Migneintian										477.7
						Migneintian		Stairsian								480.3 *
						Cressagian										480.8 *
				Varangu												481.3 *
				Varangu				Skullrockian							Demingian †	482 *
				Pakerort												482.2 *
																Mansian †	483.55 *
																Mansian †	485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Late Cambrian	Batyrbaian		Tavgian †		Ketyan †/Yurakian	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Datsonian	485.4
																					486.3 *
																					486.5
																				Payntonian	486.8 *
																					487.5
																			Festiniogian		489.2 *
		Jiangshanian														Jiangshanian				Iverian	489.5
											Aksaian										490.7 *
											Sakian										492.2 *
																			Maentwrogian		493.1 *
		Paibian														Paibian				Idamean	494
															Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian						494.7 *
															Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		Waergangian †/Youshuanian				494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Middle Cambrian	Ayusokkanian					Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	St Davids		Mindyallan	Series 3 †	497
											Ayusokkanian									Boomerangian		499
											Mayan/Menevian									Boomerangian		499.5
		Drumian														Drumian				Undillan		500.5
		Drumian														Drumian				Floran		503
		Wuliuan									Amgan/Solvan					Wuliuan/Taijangian				Templetonian		Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan														Wuliuan/Taijangian				Ordian		Stage 5 †	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4								Early Cambrian						Duyunian		Caerfai					509
											Toyonian		Lenian †										510 *
											Toyonian												510.8 *
											Botomian												512.5 *
		Stage 3									Botomian					Nangaoian							514
		Stage 3									Atdabanian					Nangaoian							515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									Tommotian					Meishucunian							521
		Stage 2									Nemakit-Daldynian												525.5
		Fortunian											Manykaian †										529
		Fortunian											Manykaian †			Jinnigian							530.7
																								538.8