PBDB Timescale

Cambrian Epochs

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view

There are 12 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 594 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian Epochs	Cambrian of Siberia			Ordovician of the Baltic				Ordovician of North America					Cambrian of North America		Cambrian of China		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																		Tertiary †			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																					3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																					5.333
		Tortonian																					7.246
		Serravallian																					11.63
		Langhian																					13.82
		Burdigalian																					15.98
		Aquitanian																					20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																					23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																					33.9
		Bartonian																					37.71
		Lutetian																					41.2
		Ypresian																					47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																					56
		Selandian																					59.2
		Danian																					61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																					66
		Campanian																					72.1
		Santonian																					83.6
		Coniacian																					86.3
		Turonian																					89.8
		Cenomanian																					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																					100.5
		Aptian																					113
		Barremian																					121.4
		Hauterivian																					125.77
		Valanginian																					132.6
		Berriasian																					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																					145
		Kimmeridgian																					149.2
		Oxfordian																					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																					161.5
		Bathonian																					165.3
		Bajocian																					168.2
		Aalenian																					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																					174.7
		Pliensbachian																					184.2
		Sinemurian																					192.9
		Hettangian																					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																					201.4
		Norian																					208.5
		Carnian																					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																			Longtanian †		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian																					259.51
		Wordian																					264.28
		Roadian																					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																					273.01
		Artinskian																					283.5
		Sakmarian																					290.1
		Asselian																					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																					298.9
		Kasimovian																					303.7
		Moscovian																					307
		Bashkirian																					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian																					323.2
		Visean																					330.9
		Tournaisian																					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian																					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Harju	Porkuni	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian		Pirgu		Gamachian	445.2
				Pirgu		Richmondian	446 *
				Vormsi		Richmondian	449.6 *
				Vormsi		Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
				Nabala		Maysvillian		Johvi †	450 *
				Nabala		Edenian			450.4 *
			Viru	Rakvere		Edenian			450.6 *
				Rakvere	Mohawkian	Chatfieldian			451.1 *
				Oandu					452 *
		Sandbian		Keila				Idavere †	453
				Keila		Turinian			453.7 *
				Haljala					453.9
				Kukruse					456.4 *
				Kukruse	Whiterockian		Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
				Uhaku				Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Uhaku						458.4
				Lasnamagi						458.9 *
				Aseri						460.4 *
			Oeland	Kunda						462.9 *
				Kunda				Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
				Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian									467.3
						Rangerian					469.1 *
				Billingen		Rangerian					469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Ibexian	Blackhillsian			Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
								Latorp †				470.1 *
				Hunneberg								473.7 *
						Tulean						473.9 *
		Tremadocian				Tulean						Ungurian	477.7
						Stairsian							480.3 *
				Varangu		Stairsian							481.3 *
				Varangu		Skullrockian					Demingian †		482 *
				Pakerort									482.2 *
													Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Late Cambrian	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †		Ketyan †/Yurakian				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Batyrbaian	485.4
																			486.3 *
																			486.5
																			Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian														Jiangshanian				489.5
								Aksaian										Aksaian		490.7 *
								Sakian										Sakian		492.2 *
																			Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian														Paibian				494
											Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian									494.7 *
											Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian						Waergangian †/Youshuanian			494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Middle Cambrian	Ayusokkanian							Marjumian	Albertian †	Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Series 3 †	Ayusokkanian	497
		Guzhangian						Mayan/Menevian									Guzhangian				499.5
		Drumian															Drumian			Zhanaarykian	500.5
		Drumian															Drumian			Tuesaian	503
		Wuliuan						Amgan/Solvan							Topazan		Wuliuan/Taijangian			Tuesaian	Stage 5 †	504.5
															Topazan							505.3
															Delamaran							506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Early Cambrian									Waucoban †	Duyunian					509
								Toyonian	Lenian †											Toyonian		510 *
								Toyonian							Dyeran					Toyonian		511 *
								Botomian												Botomian		512.5 *
		Stage 3															Nangaoian					514
															Montezuman							514.8 *
								Atdabanian							Montezuman					Atdabanian		515.6 *
								Atdabanian							Begadean					Atdabanian		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Tommotian									Meishucunian			Tommotian		521
		Stage 2						Nemakit-Daldynian														525.5
		Fortunian							Manykaian †													529
		Fortunian							Manykaian †								Jinnigian					530.7
																							538.8