PBDB Timescale

Cambrian Epochs

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view

There are 12 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 594 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian Epochs	Cambrian of Australia	Ordovician of North America						Ordovician of the Baltic				Ordovician of Britain			Cambrian of Britain		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan																				0
		Northgrippian																				0.0042
		Greenlandian																				0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																				0.0117
		Chibanian																				0.129
		Calabrian																				0.774
		Gelasian																				1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																		Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																				3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																				5.333
		Tortonian																				7.246
		Serravallian																				11.63
		Langhian																				13.82
		Burdigalian																				15.98
		Aquitanian																				20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																				33.9
		Bartonian																				37.71
		Lutetian																				41.2
		Ypresian																				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																				56
		Selandian																				59.2
		Danian																				61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																				66
		Campanian																				72.1
		Santonian																				83.6
		Coniacian																				86.3
		Turonian																				89.8
		Cenomanian																				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																				100.5
		Aptian																				113
		Barremian																				121.4
		Hauterivian																				125.77
		Valanginian																				132.6
		Berriasian																				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																				145
		Kimmeridgian																				149.2
		Oxfordian																				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																				161.5
		Bathonian																				165.3
		Bajocian																				168.2
		Aalenian																				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																				174.7
		Pliensbachian																				184.2
		Sinemurian																				192.9
		Hettangian																				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																				201.4
		Norian																				208.5
		Carnian																				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																			Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian																				259.51
		Wordian																				264.28
		Roadian																				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																				273.01
		Artinskian																				283.5
		Sakmarian																				290.1
		Asselian																				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																				298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Harju	Porkuni	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian		Gamachian		Pirgu		Rawtheyan	445.2
				Richmondian				Rawtheyan	446 *
								Cautleyan	448.9 *
								Pusgillian	449.3 *
						Vormsi	Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
				Maysvillian		Vormsi				Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
				Maysvillian		Nabala					Johvi †	450 *
				Edenian		Nabala						450.4 *
				Edenian	Viru	Rakvere						450.6 *
			Mohawkian	Chatfieldian								451.1 *
								Cheneyan				451.5 *
						Oandu		Cheneyan				452 *
						Oandu		Burrellian				452.7 *
		Sandbian				Keila					Idavere †	453
									Actonian †			453.2 *
				Turinian								453.7 *
						Haljala						453.9
									Marshbrookian †			Woolstonian †	454.2 *
									Longvillian †				455.2 *
						Kukruse							456.4 *
								Aurelucian					456.8 *
			Whiterockian							Canadian †			Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
									Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian					457.4 *
						Uhaku			Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		Aluoja †			457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Uhaku	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn						458.4
						Lasnamagi								458.9 *
						Aseri								460.4 *
						Aseri		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						461.3 *
					Oeland	Kunda								462.9 *
						Kunda					Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
						Volkhov								Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian													467.3
							Arenig	Fennian							468.4 *
				Rangerian											469.1 *
				Rangerian		Billingen									469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian	Blackhillsian									Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
											Latorp †					470.1 *
								Whitlandian								471.1 *
						Hunneberg										473.7 *
				Tulean												473.9 *
								Moridunian								474.3 *
		Tremadocian					Tremadoc	Migneintian								477.7
				Stairsian				Migneintian								480.3 *
								Cressagian								480.8 *
						Varangu										481.3 *
				Skullrockian		Varangu									Demingian †	482 *
						Pakerort										482.2 *
																485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Late Cambrian	Datsonian						Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
																			486.3 *
																			486.5
											Payntonian								486.8 *
																			487.5
																		Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian									Iverian							Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian									Iverian							Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian									Idamean							Maentwrogian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Middle Cambrian	Mindyallan						St Davids		Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian									Boomerangian									499
		Drumian									Undillan									500.5
		Drumian									Floran									503
		Wuliuan									Templetonian									Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan									Ordian									Stage 5 †	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4								Early Cambrian	Ordian						Caerfai				509
		Stage 4																			510.8 *
		Stage 3																			514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2																			521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian																			529
																						538.8