PBDB Timescale

Cambrian Epochs

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 12 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 594 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian Epochs	Ordovician of the Baltic				Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of North America						Cambrian of Britain
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Tertiary †										2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																5.333
		Tortonian																7.246
		Serravallian																11.63
		Langhian																13.82
		Burdigalian																15.98
		Aquitanian																20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																33.9
		Bartonian																37.71
		Lutetian																41.2
		Ypresian																47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																56
		Selandian																59.2
		Danian																61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
		Campanian																72.1
		Santonian																83.6
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
		Cenomanian																93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
		Aptian																113
		Barremian																121.4
		Hauterivian																125.77
		Valanginian																132.6
		Berriasian																139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
		Kimmeridgian																149.2
		Oxfordian																154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
		Bathonian																165.3
		Bajocian																168.2
		Aalenian																170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
		Pliensbachian																184.2
		Sinemurian																192.9
		Hettangian																199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
		Norian																208.5
		Carnian																227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							Longtanian †									254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian																259.51
		Wordian																264.28
		Roadian																266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																273.01
		Artinskian																283.5
		Sakmarian																290.1
		Asselian																293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																298.9
		Kasimovian																303.7
		Moscovian																307
		Bashkirian																315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian																323.2
		Visean																330.9
		Tournaisian																346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian																358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Harju	Porkuni	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian		Pirgu		Gamachian	445.2
				Pirgu		Richmondian	446 *
				Vormsi		Richmondian	449.6 *
				Vormsi		Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
				Nabala		Maysvillian		Johvi †		450 *
				Nabala		Edenian				450.4 *
			Viru	Rakvere		Edenian				450.6 *
				Rakvere	Mohawkian	Chatfieldian				451.1 *
				Oandu						452 *
		Sandbian		Keila				Idavere †		453
				Keila		Turinian				453.7 *
				Haljala						453.9
				Kukruse						456.4 *
				Kukruse	Whiterockian		Canadian †			Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
				Uhaku				Aluoja †			457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Uhaku							458.4
				Lasnamagi							458.9 *
				Aseri							460.4 *
			Oeland	Kunda							462.9 *
				Kunda				Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
				Volkhov							Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian										467.3
						Rangerian						469.1 *
				Billingen		Rangerian						469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Ibexian	Blackhillsian				Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
								Latorp †					470.1 *
				Hunneberg									473.7 *
						Tulean							473.9 *
		Tremadocian				Tulean							477.7
						Stairsian							480.3 *
				Varangu		Stairsian							481.3 *
				Varangu		Skullrockian						Demingian †	482 *
				Pakerort								Demingian †	482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Pakerort			Late Cambrian							Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
									486.3 *
									486.5
									487.5
									Festiniogian						489.2 *
		Jiangshanian							Festiniogian						489.5
		Jiangshanian							Maentwrogian						493.1 *
		Paibian							Maentwrogian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Middle Cambrian		Series 3 †					St Davids		497
		Drumian														500.5
		Wuliuan														Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Early Cambrian									Caerfai	509
	Series 2	Stage 3															514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2															521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian															529
																		538.8