PBDB Timescale

Cambrian Epochs

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 12 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 594 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian Epochs	Ordovician of the Baltic				Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cambrian of West Avalonia	Cambrian of Australia	Ordovician of Britain									Cambrian of Britain
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Tertiary †															2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																						3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																						5.333
		Tortonian																						7.246
		Serravallian																						11.63
		Langhian																						13.82
		Burdigalian																						15.98
		Aquitanian																						20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																						23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																						27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																						33.9
		Bartonian																						37.71
		Lutetian																						41.2
		Ypresian																						47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																						56
		Selandian																						59.2
		Danian																						61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																						66
		Campanian																						72.1
		Santonian																						83.6
		Coniacian																						86.3
		Turonian																						89.8
		Cenomanian																						93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																						100.5
		Aptian																						113
		Barremian																						121.4
		Hauterivian																						125.77
		Valanginian																						132.6
		Berriasian																						139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																						145
		Kimmeridgian																						149.2
		Oxfordian																						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																						161.5
		Bathonian																						165.3
		Bajocian																						168.2
		Aalenian																						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																						174.7
		Pliensbachian																						184.2
		Sinemurian																						192.9
		Hettangian																						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																						201.4
		Norian																						208.5
		Carnian																						227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																						237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																						242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																						247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																						251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																						251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								Longtanian †														254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian																						259.51
		Wordian																						264.28
		Roadian																						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																						273.01
		Artinskian																						283.5
		Sakmarian																						290.1
		Asselian																						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																						298.9
		Kasimovian																						303.7
		Moscovian																						307
		Bashkirian																						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian																						323.2
		Visean																						330.9
		Tournaisian																						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian																						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Harju	Porkuni	Ashgill	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian			443.8
		Katian		Pirgu		Rawtheyan		Gamachian			445.2
						Rawtheyan		Richmondian			446 *
						Cautleyan			448.9 *
						Pusgillian			449.3 *
				Vormsi	Caradoc	Streffordian			Onnian †		449.6 *
				Vormsi				Maysvillian			Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
				Nabala				Maysvillian				Johvi †	450 *
				Nabala				Edenian					450.4 *
			Viru	Rakvere				Edenian					450.6 *
							Mohawkian	Chatfieldian					451.1 *
						Cheneyan							451.5 *
				Oandu		Cheneyan							452 *
				Oandu		Burrellian							452.7 *
		Sandbian		Keila								Idavere †	453
									Actonian †				453.2 *
								Turinian					453.7 *
				Haljala									453.9
									Marshbrookian †				Woolstonian †	454.2 *
									Longvillian †					455.2 *
				Kukruse										456.4 *
						Aurelucian								456.8 *
							Whiterockian				Canadian †			Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
									Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian						457.4 *
				Uhaku					Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian			Aluoja †			457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Uhaku	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn									458.4
				Lasnamagi											458.9 *
				Aseri											460.4 *
				Aseri		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn									461.3 *
			Oeland	Kunda											462.9 *
				Kunda								Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
				Volkhov											Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian														467.3
					Arenig	Fennian										468.4 *
								Rangerian								469.1 *
				Billingen				Rangerian		469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †				Cassinian †		470
												Latorp †				470.1 *
						Whitlandian										471.1 *
				Hunneberg												473.7 *
								Tulean								473.9 *
						Moridunian										474.3 *
		Tremadocian			Ungurian	Tremadoc										Migneintian	477.7
								Stairsian								Migneintian	480.3 *
																Cressagian	480.8 *
				Varangu													481.3 *
				Varangu				Skullrockian						Demingian †			482 *
				Pakerort													482.2 *
																	485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Late Cambrian						Batyrbaian	Datsonian						Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
																				486.3 *
																				486.5
												Payntonian								486.8 *
																				487.5
																			Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian										Iverian								489.5
											Aksaian									490.7 *
											Sakian									492.2 *
																			Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian										Idamean							Maentwrogian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Middle Cambrian						Ayusokkanian	Series 3 †						Mindyallan	St Davids		497
																		Mindyallan			Arcadian	498.4
																		Boomerangian				499
																		Boomerangian				499.5
		Drumian									Zhanaarykian							Undillan				500.5
		Drumian									Tuesaian							Floran				503
		Wuliuan									Tuesaian							Stage 5 †				Templetonian	504.5
																						Templetonian	505.3
																						Ordian	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4			Early Cambrian														Branchian		Caerfai		509
											Toyonian												510 *
											Toyonian												510.8 *
											Botomian												512.5 *
		Stage 3									Botomian												514
											Atdabanian												515.6 *
											Atdabanian								Placentian				517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									Tommotian												521
		Stage 2																					525.5
		Fortunian																					529
																								538.8