PBDB Timescale

Cambrian Epochs

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view

There are 12 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 594 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian Epochs	Ordovician of Britain				Cambrian of West Avalonia	Ten Million Year Bins	Ordovician of the Baltic				Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Cenozoic 6								0
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
		Chibanian															0.129
		Calabrian															0.774
		Gelasian															1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Tertiary †			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean															3.6
	Miocene	Messinian															5.333
		Tortonian															7.246
		Serravallian							Cenozoic 5								11.63
		Langhian															13.82
		Burdigalian															15.98
		Aquitanian															20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Cenozoic 4								23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian							Cenozoic 4								27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian							Cenozoic 3								33.9
		Bartonian							Cenozoic 3								37.71
		Lutetian							Cenozoic 2								41.2
		Ypresian							Cenozoic 2								47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Cenozoic 1								56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Cretaceous 8								66
		Campanian							Cretaceous 7								72.1
		Santonian							Cretaceous 6								83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian							Cretaceous 5								93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							Cretaceous 4								100.5
		Aptian							Cretaceous 3								113
		Barremian							Cretaceous 2								121.4
		Hauterivian							Cretaceous 2								125.77
		Valanginian							Cretaceous 1								132.6
		Berriasian							Cretaceous 1								139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							Jurassic 6								145
		Kimmeridgian							Jurassic 5								149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian							Jurassic 4								165.3
		Bajocian							Jurassic 4								168.2
		Aalenian							Jurassic 3								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							Jurassic 3								174.7
		Pliensbachian							Jurassic 2								184.2
		Sinemurian							Jurassic 1								192.9
		Hettangian							Jurassic 1								199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							Triassic 4								201.4
		Norian							Triassic 4								208.5
		Carnian							Triassic 3								227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian							Triassic 2								237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian							Triassic 2								242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian							Triassic 1								247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan							Triassic 1								251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Permian 4								251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian													Longtanian †		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian															259.51
		Wordian															264.28
		Roadian							Permian 3								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							Permian 2								273.01
		Artinskian															283.5
		Sakmarian															290.1
		Asselian							Permian 1								293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Carboniferous 5								298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7						Carboniferous 5
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4	307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2	419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian		Rawtheyan			Pirgu	445.2
				Cautleyan				448.9 *
				Pusgillian				449.3 *
			Caradoc	Streffordian			Onnian †	Vormsi	449.6 *
								Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
						Viru		Rakvere		450.6 *
				Cheneyan				Rakvere		451.5 *
				Cheneyan				Oandu		452 *
				Burrellian				Oandu		452.7 *
		Sandbian			Ordovician 4			Keila	Idavere †	453
							Actonian †	Keila		453.2 *
							Actonian †	Haljala		453.9
							Marshbrookian †			Woolstonian †	454.2 *
							Longvillian †				455.2 *
								Kukruse			456.4 *
				Aurelucian							456.8 *
							Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
							Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian	Uhaku	Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			Ordovician 3	Uhaku			458.4
								Lasnamagi			458.9 *
								Aseri			460.4 *
				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				Aseri			461.3 *
						Oeland		Kunda			462.9 *
								Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
								Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian					Ordovician 2					467.3
			Arenig	Fennian								468.4 *
								Billingen				469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian										470
									Latorp †			470.1 *
				Whitlandian								471.1 *
				Whitlandian				Hunneberg				473.7 *
				Moridunian								474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc	Migneintian			Ordovician 1					477.7
				Cressagian								480.8 *
								Varangu				481.3 *
								Pakerort				482.2 *
												485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Late Cambrian		Cambrian 5				485.4
													486.3 *
													486.5
		Jiangshanian											489.5
		Paibian											494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Middle Cambrian		Cambrian 4				Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian												Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian													500.5
		Wuliuan							Cambrian 3						Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Early Cambrian		Cambrian 3				Branchian			509
		Stage 3							Cambrian 2				Branchian			514
		Stage 3											Placentian			517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2														521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian							Cambrian 1							529
																	538.8