PBDB Timescale

Cambrian Epochs

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 12 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 594 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian Epochs	Ordovician of Britain				Ordovician of the Baltic				Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cambrian of West Avalonia	Cambrian of Australia						Cambrian of Britain
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Tertiary †											2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																					3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																					5.333
		Tortonian																					7.246
		Serravallian																					11.63
		Langhian																					13.82
		Burdigalian																					15.98
		Aquitanian																					20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																					23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																					33.9
		Bartonian																					37.71
		Lutetian																					41.2
		Ypresian																					47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																					56
		Selandian																					59.2
		Danian																					61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																					66
		Campanian																					72.1
		Santonian																					83.6
		Coniacian																					86.3
		Turonian																					89.8
		Cenomanian																					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																					100.5
		Aptian																					113
		Barremian																					121.4
		Hauterivian																					125.77
		Valanginian																					132.6
		Berriasian																					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																					145
		Kimmeridgian																					149.2
		Oxfordian																					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																					161.5
		Bathonian																					165.3
		Bajocian																					168.2
		Aalenian																					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																					174.7
		Pliensbachian																					184.2
		Sinemurian																					192.9
		Hettangian																					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																					201.4
		Norian																					208.5
		Carnian																					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian											Longtanian †										254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian																					259.51
		Wordian																					264.28
		Roadian																					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																					273.01
		Artinskian																					283.5
		Sakmarian																					290.1
		Asselian																					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																					298.9
		Kasimovian																					303.7
		Moscovian																					307
		Bashkirian																					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian																					323.2
		Visean																					330.9
		Tournaisian																					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian																					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	Harju	Porkuni	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian		Rawtheyan		Pirgu		Gamachian	445.2
				Rawtheyan				Richmondian	446 *
				Cautleyan					448.9 *
				Pusgillian					449.3 *
			Caradoc	Streffordian		Onnian †			Vormsi	449.6 *
								Maysvillian	Vormsi	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
								Maysvillian	Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
								Edenian	Nabala			450.4 *
					Viru			Edenian	Rakvere			450.6 *
							Mohawkian	Chatfieldian				451.1 *
				Cheneyan								451.5 *
				Cheneyan					Oandu			452 *
				Burrellian					Oandu			452.7 *
		Sandbian							Keila		Idavere †	453
						Actonian †						453.2 *
								Turinian				453.7 *
									Haljala			453.9
						Marshbrookian †						Woolstonian †		454.2 *
						Longvillian †								455.2 *
									Kukruse					456.4 *
				Aurelucian										456.8 *
							Whiterockian			Canadian †				Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
						Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian									457.4 *
						Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian			Uhaku		Aluoja †				457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					Uhaku						458.4
									Lasnamagi						458.9 *
									Aseri						460.4 *
				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					Aseri						461.3 *
					Oeland				Kunda						462.9 *
									Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum				464.3 *
									Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian														467.3
			Arenig	Fennian												468.4 *
								Rangerian								469.1 *
								Rangerian	Billingen				469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Ibexian	Blackhillsian					Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †		470
											Latorp †					470.1 *
				Whitlandian												471.1 *
									Hunneberg							473.7 *
								Tulean								473.9 *
				Moridunian												474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc	Migneintian												477.7
				Migneintian				Stairsian								480.3 *
				Cressagian												480.8 *
									Varangu							481.3 *
								Skullrockian	Varangu					Demingian †		482 *
									Pakerort							482.2 *
																485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Late Cambrian			Datsonian				Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
																			486.3 *
																			486.5
													Payntonian						486.8 *
																			487.5
																		Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian											Iverian					Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian											Iverian					Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian											Idamean					Maentwrogian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Middle Cambrian			Series 3 †				Mindyallan	St Davids		497
																	Mindyallan			Arcadian	498.4
																	Boomerangian				499
		Drumian															Undillan				500.5
		Drumian															Floran				503
		Wuliuan															Stage 5 †				Templetonian	504.5
		Wuliuan															Stage 5 †				Ordian	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4								Early Cambrian								Branchian		Caerfai	Ordian	509
		Stage 4																				510.8 *
		Stage 3																				514
		Stage 3																Placentian				517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2																				521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian																				529
																							538.8