PBDB Timescale

Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view

There are 14 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 859 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of North America		Ammonite Chrons of North America			Ten Million Year Bins	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								Cenozoic 6				0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
		Chibanian												0.129
		Calabrian												0.774
		Gelasian												1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Tertiary †			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Serravallian								Cenozoic 5				11.63
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Cenozoic 4				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian								Cenozoic 4				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian								Cenozoic 3				33.9
		Bartonian								Cenozoic 3				37.71
		Lutetian								Cenozoic 2				41.2
		Ypresian								Cenozoic 2				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Cenozoic 1				56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Cretaceous 8				66
		Campanian								Cretaceous 7				72.1
		Santonian								Cretaceous 6				83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian								Cretaceous 5				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian								Cretaceous 4				100.5
		Aptian								Cretaceous 3				113
		Barremian								Cretaceous 2				121.4
		Hauterivian								Cretaceous 2				125.77
		Valanginian								Cretaceous 1				132.6
		Berriasian								Cretaceous 1				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan						Jurassic 6				145
		Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan						Jurassic 5				149.2
			Kawhia	Ohauan										150
				Heterian										154.5
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Callovian		Temaikan										164.3
		Bathonian								Jurassic 4				165.3
		Bajocian					Epizigzagiceras							168.2
		Bajocian					Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense							168.4
		Aalenian					Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni			Jurassic 3				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta							174.7
			Herangi	Ururoan			Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta							176
							Planulata							179.3 *
							Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi					179.8 *
							Kanense							181.3 *
							Carlottense							182.3 *
							Kunae							183.5 *
		Pliensbachian					Kunae			Jurassic 2				184.2
							Freboldi							185.1 *
							Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras						186.2 *
				Aratauran			Whiteavesi/Imlayi							188.9
														189.2 *
							Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis						190.3 *
		Sinemurian								Jurassic 1				192.9
							Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras					196.4 *
							Franziceras/Euphyllites							196.5 *
		Hettangian					Franziceras/Euphyllites							199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian			Triassic 4		201.4
		Norian		Warepan					208.5
				Otamitan					217
				Oretian					221
		Carnian		Oretian			Triassic 3		227
		Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan			Triassic 3		227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan			Triassic 2		237
		Ladinian		Etalian					238
		Anisian		Etalian					242
		Anisian		Malakovian					246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian			Triassic 1		247.2
		Olenekian		Nelsonian					249
		Induan		Nelsonian					251.2
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan					251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan			Permian 4		Meishanian	251.902
				Waiitian					Meishanian	253.2
									Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian							Longtanian †	Laoshanian		254.14
				Puruhauan						Laoshanian		254.2
				Puruhauan						Laibinian		257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian					Capitanian			Lengwuan	259.51
		Wordian		Flettian					Wordian			Kuhfengian	264.28
		Wordian		Barettian					Wordian				266
		Roadian					Roadian		Permian 3				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					Leonardian		Cathedralian		Permian 2	Luodianian	273.01
				Mangapirian					Cathedralian				276
									Hessian				281.9 *
		Artinskian											283.5
				Telfordian									285
												Longlinian	285.4 *
							Wolfcampian		Lenoxian				286.1 *
													288.5
		Sakmarian											290.1
		Asselian							Nealian		Permian 1	Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									Carboniferous 5	Zisongian	298.9
		Gzhelian											300.1
		Kasimovian											303.7
		Moscovian									Carboniferous 4		307
		Bashkirian									Carboniferous 4		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian									Carboniferous 3		323.2
		Visean									Carboniferous 2		330.9
		Tournaisian									Carboniferous 1		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian									Devonian 5		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian									Devonian 4		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian									Devonian 3		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian									Devonian 3		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian									Devonian 2		393.3
		Pragian									Devonian 1		407.6
		Lochkovian									Devonian 1		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli										Silurian 2		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian											423
	Ludlow	Gorstian											425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian											427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian											430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian									Silurian 1		433.4
		Aeronian											438.5
		Rhuddanian											440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									Ordovician 5		443.8
		Katian									Ordovician 5		445.2
		Sandbian									Ordovician 4		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									Ordovician 3		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian									Ordovician 2		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian						470			Ordovician 2
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						Ordovician 1			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Cambrian 5	485.4
		Jiangshanian				489.5
		Paibian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Cambrian 4	Series 3 †		497
		Drumian			Cambrian 4			500.5
		Wuliuan			Cambrian 3			Stage 5 †		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Cambrian 3					509
	Series 2	Stage 3			Cambrian 2					514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Cambrian 2					521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian			Cambrian 1					529
														538.8