PBDB Timescale

Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view

There are 14 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 859 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian Subages of Germany	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Ammonite Chrons of North America			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ten Million Year Bins
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan												Cenozoic 6	0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
		Chibanian													0.129
		Calabrian													0.774
		Gelasian													1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Tertiary †				2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Serravallian												Cenozoic 5	11.63
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												Cenozoic 4	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian												Cenozoic 4	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												Cenozoic 3	33.9
		Bartonian												Cenozoic 3	37.71
		Lutetian												Cenozoic 2	41.2
		Ypresian												Cenozoic 2	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian												Cenozoic 1	56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												Cretaceous 8	66
		Campanian												Cretaceous 7	72.1
		Santonian												Cretaceous 6	83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian												Cretaceous 5	93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												Cretaceous 4	100.5
		Aptian												Cretaceous 3	113
		Barremian												Cretaceous 2	121.4
		Hauterivian												Cretaceous 2	125.77
		Valanginian												Cretaceous 1	132.6
		Berriasian												Cretaceous 1	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan										Jurassic 6	145
		Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan										Jurassic 5	149.2
			Kawhia	Ohauan											150
				Heterian											154.5
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Callovian		Temaikan											164.3
		Bathonian												Jurassic 4	165.3
		Bajocian				Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites		Epizigzagiceras							168.2
		Bajocian					Humphresianum	Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense							168.4
		Aalenian				Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum		Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni						Jurassic 3	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense	Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta							174.7
			Herangi	Ururoan				Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta							176
								Planulata							179.3 *
										Arnioceras arnouldi					179.8 *
															180.1
								Kanense							181.3 *
						Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		Kanense							182
								Carlottense							182.3 *
								Kunae							183.5 *
		Pliensbachian				Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni		Kunae						Jurassic 2	184.2
								Freboldi							185.1 *
								Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras						186.2 *
				Aratauran				Whiteavesi/Imlayi							188.9
															189.2 *
								Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis						190.3 *
		Sinemurian				Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi								Jurassic 1	192.9
								Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras					196.4 *
					Franziceras/Euphyllites				196.5 *
		Hettangian			Franziceras/Euphyllites	Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian						Triassic 4		201.4
		Norian		Warepan								208.5
				Otamitan								217
				Oretian								221
		Carnian		Oretian						Triassic 3		227
		Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan						Triassic 3		227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan						Triassic 2		237
		Ladinian		Etalian								238
		Anisian		Etalian								242
		Anisian		Malakovian								246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian						Triassic 1		247.2
		Olenekian		Nelsonian								249
		Induan		Nelsonian								251.2
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan								251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan						Buntsandstein		Permian 4	251.902
		Changhsingian		Waiitian									253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian									Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan									Longtanian †	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian						Ohre/Aller				259.51
		Wordian		Flettian						Leine				264.28
		Wordian		Barettian						Leine				266
		Roadian										Permian 3		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian									Permian 2	273.01
		Kungurian		Mangapirian								276
		Artinskian		Mangapirian								283.5
				Telfordian								285
												288.5
		Sakmarian										290.1
		Asselian									Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									Carboniferous 5	298.9
		Kasimovian									Carboniferous 5	303.7
		Moscovian									Carboniferous 4	307
		Bashkirian									Carboniferous 4	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian									Carboniferous 3	323.2
		Visean									Carboniferous 2	330.9
		Tournaisian									Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian									Devonian 5	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian									Devonian 4	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian									Devonian 3	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian									Devonian 3	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian									Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian									Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian									Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli										Silurian 2	419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian										423
	Ludlow	Gorstian										425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian										427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian										430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian									Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Ordovician 5				443.8
		Katian					Ordovician 5				445.2
		Sandbian					Ordovician 4				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Ordovician 3				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					Ordovician 2				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Ordovician 2				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					Ordovician 1				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Cambrian 5				485.4
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †				Cambrian 4	497
		Drumian						500.5			Cambrian 4
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †			Cambrian 3	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					509				Cambrian 3
	Series 2	Stage 3					Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian					Cambrian 1	529
															538.8