PBDB Timescale

Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view

There are 14 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 859 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Mesozoic Subages		Ten Million Year Bins	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Permian of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Cenozoic 6							0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
		Chibanian												0.129
		Calabrian												0.774
		Gelasian												1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Serravallian					Cenozoic 5							11.63
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Cenozoic 4							23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian					Cenozoic 4							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian					Cenozoic 3							33.9
		Bartonian					Cenozoic 3							37.71
		Lutetian					Cenozoic 2							41.2
		Ypresian					Cenozoic 2							47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Cenozoic 1							56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		Cretaceous 8							66
		Campanian			Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		Cretaceous 7							72.1
		Santonian			Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		Cretaceous 6							83.6
		Coniacian			Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian			Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian			Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		Cretaceous 5							93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Late Albian		Cretaceous 4							100.5
					Middle Albian									106.2 *
					Early Albian									109.9 *
		Aptian			Late Aptian		Cretaceous 3							113
		Aptian			Early Aptian		Cretaceous 3							119.5 *
		Barremian			Late Barremian/Early Barremian		Cretaceous 2							121.4
		Hauterivian			Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		Cretaceous 2							125.77
		Valanginian			Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		Cretaceous 1							132.6
		Berriasian			Late Berriasian									139.8
					Middle Berriasian									140.6 *
					Early Berriasian									142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan	Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	Jurassic 6							145
		Tithonian			Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	Jurassic 6							146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian			Late Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5							149.2
			Kawhia	Ohauan	Late Kimmeridgian									150
				Ohauan	Early Kimmeridgian									152.2 *
				Heterian	Early Kimmeridgian									154.5
		Oxfordian			Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian								154.8
		Oxfordian				Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian								157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian									161.5
		Callovian		Temaikan	Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian									164.3
		Bathonian			Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		Jurassic 4							165.3
		Bajocian			Late Bajocian			Epizigzagiceras						168.2
					Late Bajocian			Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense						168.4
					Early Bajocian			Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense						168.6 *
		Aalenian			Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		Jurassic 3	Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Late Toarcian			Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta						174.7
			Herangi	Ururoan				Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta						176
								Planulata						179.3 *
										Arnioceras arnouldi				179.8 *
					Middle Toarcian									180.4 *
								Kanense						181.3 *
								Carlottense						182.3 *
					Early Toarcian			Carlottense						182.9 *
					Early Toarcian			Kunae	183.5 *
		Pliensbachian			Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2	Kunae	184.2
								Freboldi	185.1 *
								Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras		186.2 *
				Aratauran				Whiteavesi/Imlayi			188.9
											189.2 *
								Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis		190.3 *
		Sinemurian			Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		Jurassic 1				192.9
								Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras	196.4 *
								Franziceras/Euphyllites			196.5 *
		Hettangian			Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian			Franziceras/Euphyllites			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian			Triassic 4				201.4
		Norian		Warepan	Sevatian						208.5
					Alaunian						213.2 *
					Lacian						216.7 *
				Otamitan							217
				Oretian							221
		Carnian		Oretian	Tuvalian		Triassic 3				227
			Gore	Kaihikuan	Tuvalian						227.5
					Julian						233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Longobardian		Triassic 2				237
				Etalian	Longobardian						238
					Fassanian						239.7 *
		Anisian			Illyrian						242
					Pelsonian						243.8 *
					Bithynian						244.7 *
					Aegean						245.5 *
				Malakovian	Aegean						246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Spathian		Triassic 1				247.2
					Smithian						248.9 *
				Nelsonian	Smithian						249
		Induan			Dienerian						251.2
					Griesbachian						251.4 *
			DUrville	Makarewan	Griesbachian						251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan			Permian 4				Meishanian	251.902
				Waiitian							Meishanian	253.2
											Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian									Laoshanian	Longtanian †	254.14
				Puruhauan							Laoshanian		254.2
				Puruhauan							Laibinian		257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian							Lengwuan		259.51
		Wordian		Flettian							Kuhfengian		264.28
		Wordian		Barettian									266
		Roadian					Permian 3						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					Permian 2				Luodianian		273.01
		Kungurian		Mangapirian									276
		Artinskian		Mangapirian									283.5
				Telfordian									285
				Telfordian							Longlinian		285.4 *
						288.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				Permian 1	Zisongian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Carboniferous 5	Zisongian				298.9
		Gzhelian									300.1
		Kasimovian									303.7
		Moscovian				Carboniferous 4					307
		Bashkirian				Carboniferous 4					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Carboniferous 3					323.2
		Visean				Carboniferous 2					330.9
		Tournaisian				Carboniferous 1					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Devonian 5					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				Devonian 4					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Devonian 3					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Devonian 3					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Devonian 2					393.3
		Pragian				Devonian 1					407.6
		Lochkovian				Devonian 1					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Silurian 2					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				Silurian 1					433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Ordovician 5		443.8
		Katian				Ordovician 5		445.2
		Sandbian				Ordovician 4		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Ordovician 3		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				Ordovician 2		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Ordovician 2		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				Ordovician 1		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Cambrian 5		485.4
		Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Cambrian 4		Series 3 †	497
		Drumian				Cambrian 4			500.5
		Wuliuan				Cambrian 3			Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Cambrian 3				509
	Series 2	Stage 3				Cambrian 2				514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Cambrian 2				521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian				Cambrian 1				529
														538.8