PBDB Timescale

Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view

There are 14 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 859 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Ammonite Chrons of North America			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ten Million Year Bins
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											Cenozoic 6	0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
		Chibanian												0.129
		Calabrian												0.774
		Gelasian												1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Tertiary †				2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Serravallian											Cenozoic 5	11.63
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											Cenozoic 4	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											Cenozoic 4	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											Cenozoic 3	33.9
		Bartonian											Cenozoic 3	37.71
		Lutetian											Cenozoic 2	41.2
		Ypresian											Cenozoic 2	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											Cenozoic 1	56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											Cretaceous 8	66
		Campanian											Cretaceous 7	72.1
		Santonian											Cretaceous 6	83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian											Cretaceous 5	93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											Cretaceous 4	100.5
		Aptian											Cretaceous 3	113
		Barremian											Cretaceous 2	121.4
		Hauterivian											Cretaceous 2	125.77
		Valanginian											Cretaceous 1	132.6
		Berriasian											Cretaceous 1	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan									Jurassic 6	145
		Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan									Jurassic 5	149.2
			Kawhia	Ohauan										150
				Heterian										154.5
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Callovian		Temaikan										164.3
		Bathonian											Jurassic 4	165.3
		Bajocian			Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites		Epizigzagiceras							168.2
		Bajocian				Humphresianum	Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense							168.4
		Aalenian			Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum		Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni						Jurassic 3	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense	Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta							174.7
			Herangi	Ururoan			Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta							176
							Planulata							179.3 *
									Arnioceras arnouldi					179.8 *
														180.1
							Kanense							181.3 *
					Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		Kanense							182
							Carlottense							182.3 *
							Kunae							183.5 *
		Pliensbachian			Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni		Kunae						Jurassic 2	184.2
							Freboldi							185.1 *
							Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras						186.2 *
				Aratauran			Whiteavesi/Imlayi							188.9
														189.2 *
							Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis						190.3 *
		Sinemurian			Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi								Jurassic 1	192.9
							Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras					196.4 *
							Franziceras/Euphyllites				196.5 *
		Hettangian			Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis		Franziceras/Euphyllites				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian							Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian		Warepan								208.5
				Otamitan								217
				Oretian								221
		Carnian		Oretian							Triassic 3	227
		Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan							Triassic 3	227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan							Triassic 2	237
		Ladinian		Etalian								238
		Anisian		Etalian								242
		Anisian		Malakovian								246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian							Triassic 1	247.2
		Olenekian		Nelsonian								249
		Induan		Nelsonian								251.2
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan								251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan							Permian 4	251.902
		Changhsingian		Waiitian								253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian								Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan								Longtanian †	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian									259.51
		Wordian		Flettian									264.28
		Wordian		Barettian									266
		Roadian									Permian 3		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								Permian 2	273.01
		Kungurian		Mangapirian							276
		Artinskian		Mangapirian							283.5
				Telfordian							285
											288.5
		Sakmarian									290.1
		Asselian								Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								Carboniferous 5	298.9
		Kasimovian								Carboniferous 5	303.7
		Moscovian								Carboniferous 4	307
		Bashkirian								Carboniferous 4	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian								Carboniferous 3	323.2
		Visean								Carboniferous 2	330.9
		Tournaisian								Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								Devonian 5	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								Devonian 4	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								Devonian 3	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian								Devonian 3	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian								Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian								Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									Silurian 2	419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Ordovician 5				443.8
		Katian				Ordovician 5				445.2
		Sandbian				Ordovician 4				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Ordovician 3				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				Ordovician 2				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Ordovician 2				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				Ordovician 1				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Cambrian 5				485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †				Cambrian 4	497
		Drumian						500.5		Cambrian 4
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †		Cambrian 3	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					509			Cambrian 3
	Series 2	Stage 3					Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian					Cambrian 1	529
														538.8