PBDB Timescale

Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1251 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Ten Million Year Bins	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran					Cenozoic 6				0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Chibanian		Castlecliffian									0.34
		Calabrian		Castlecliffian									0.774
		Calabrian		Nukumaruan									1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan								MN 17	1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian								MN 17	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian	Tertiary †							MN 16	2.58
				Waipipian								MN 16	3
												MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean											3.6
				Opoitian									3.7
												MN 14	4.2
												MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean									5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan									7.2
		Tortonian										MN 12	7.246
												MN 11	7.75
												MN 10	8.7
												MN 9	9.7
			Southland	Waiauan								MN 9	11.04
												MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian							Cenozoic 5			MN 7 + 8	11.63
												MN 6	12.8 *
				Lillburnian								MN 6	13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian								MN 5	13.82
				Clifdenian									15.1
			Pareora	Altonian									15.9
		Burdigalian										MN 4	15.98
												MN 3	16.9
				Otaian								MN 3	18.7
												MN 2	20
		Aquitanian											20.44
			Landon	Waitakian									21.7
												MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Cenozoic 4	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian		23.03
				Duntroonian									25.2
				Whaingaroan									27.3
		Rupelian								Kekeamuan			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian							Cenozoic 3	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian			33.9
			Arnold	Runangan									34.6
				Kaiatan									36.7
		Bartonian		Kaiatan						Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan			37.71
		Bartonian		Bortonian									39.1
		Lutetian		Bortonian					Cenozoic 2				41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan									42.6
				Heretaungan									45.7
		Ypresian		Heretaungan							Bumbanian		47.8
				Mangaorapan									48.9
				Waipawan									52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian					Cenozoic 1	Gashatan			56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian				Lancian/Edmontonian	Cretaceous 8				66
		Campanian		Haumurian				Judithian/Aquilan	Cretaceous 7				72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan					Cretaceous 6				83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan									86.1
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
				Mangaotanean									90.5
				Arowhanan									93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan		Cretaceous 5	93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
				Motuan			99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan		Cretaceous 4	100.5
				Urutawan			103.3
			Taitai	Korangan			108.4
		Aptian		Korangan		Cretaceous 3	113
		Aptian				Cretaceous 3	117.5
		Barremian				Cretaceous 2	121.4
		Hauterivian				Cretaceous 2	125.77
		Valanginian				Cretaceous 1	132.6
		Berriasian				Cretaceous 1	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Jurassic 6	145
		Kimmeridgian				Jurassic 5	149.2
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian				Jurassic 4	165.3
		Bajocian				Jurassic 4	168.2
		Aalenian				Jurassic 3	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Jurassic 3	174.7
		Pliensbachian				Jurassic 2	184.2
		Sinemurian				Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian				Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian				Triassic 4	208.5
		Carnian				Triassic 3	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Triassic 2	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				Triassic 2	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Triassic 1	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				Triassic 1	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Permian 4	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							259.51
		Wordian							264.28
		Roadian				Permian 3			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Permian 2			273.01
		Artinskian							283.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian				Permian 1			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Carboniferous 5			298.9
		Kasimovian				Carboniferous 5			303.7
		Moscovian				Carboniferous 4			307
		Bashkirian				Carboniferous 4			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Carboniferous 3			323.2
		Visean				Carboniferous 2			330.9
		Tournaisian				Carboniferous 1			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Devonian 5			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				Devonian 4			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Devonian 3			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Devonian 3			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Devonian 2			393.3
		Pragian				Devonian 1			407.6
		Lochkovian				Devonian 1			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Silurian 2			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian			Ordovician 5	445.2
		Sandbian			Ordovician 4	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Ordovician 3	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			Ordovician 2	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Ordovician 2	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			Ordovician 1	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Cambrian 5	485.4
		Jiangshanian				489.5
		Paibian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †	Cambrian 4	497
		Drumian			Cambrian 4	500.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †	Cambrian 3	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Cambrian 3	509
	Series 2	Stage 3				Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521			Cambrian 2
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1			529
													538.8